}

    /**
     * Inner class for handling updates to the character mapping file.
     * This class manages the temporary file creation, writing operations,
     * and atomic updates to ensure data consistency during modifications.
     */
    protected class MappingUpdater implements Closeable {

 * `Response` for interpreted headers. This class maintains the order of the header fields within
 * the HTTP message.
 *
 * This class tracks header values line-by-line. A field with multiple comma- separated values on
 * the same line will be treated as a field with a single value by this class. It is the caller's

from typing import Union

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
    *,
    item_id: int,
    item: Item = Body(
        examples=[
            {
                "name": "Foo",

from typing import Union

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = Field(
        default=None, title="The description of the item", max_length=300
    )
    price: float = Field(gt=0, description="The price must be greater than zero")
    tax: Union[float, None] = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")

from fastapi import FastAPI, Path
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float | None = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
    *,
    item_id: int = Path(title="The ID of the item to get", ge=0, le=1000),
    q: str | None = None,
    item: Item | None = None,
):

But you would get the same editor support with <a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/" class="external-link" target="_blank">PyCharm</a> and most of the other Python editors:

<img src="/img/tutorial/body/image05.png">

/// tip

import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Tests for {@link Closer}.
 *
 * @author Colin Decker
 */
@NullUnmarked
public class CloserTest extends TestCase {

  private TestSuppressor suppressor;

  @Override
  protected void setUp() throws Exception {
    suppressor = new TestSuppressor();
  }

import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;

import jcifs.Configuration;
import jcifs.internal.SMBProtocolDecodingException;
import jcifs.smb.FileEntry;

/**
 * Test class for SmbComTransactionResponse
 */
class SmbComTransactionResponseTest {

    @Mock
    private Configuration mockConfig;

    @Mock
    private FileEntry mockFileEntry1;

    @Mock
    private FileEntry mockFileEntry2;

 * [application interceptor][OkHttpClient.interceptors] or as a [OkHttpClient.networkInterceptors].
 *
 * The format of the logs created by this class should not be considered stable and may
 * change slightly between releases. If you need a stable logging format, use your own interceptor.
 */
class HttpLoggingInterceptor
  @JvmOverloads
  constructor(
    private val logger: Logger = Logger.DEFAULT,
  ) : Interceptor {

    /**
     * Gets the class name of the query this command handles.
     * @return The query class name.
     */
    protected abstract String getQueryClassName();

    /**
     * Registers this query command with the query processor.
     * Associates this command with its query class name in the processor.
     */
    public void register() {