@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):
    return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id}
```

Server `fastapi dev` akan otomatis memuat kembali.

      ByteSource
  {

    final byte[] bytes;
    final int offset;
    final int length;

    ByteArrayByteSource(byte[] bytes) {
      this(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
    }

    // NOTE: Preconditions are enforced by slice, the only non-trivial caller.
    ByteArrayByteSource(byte[] bytes, int offset, int length) {
      this.bytes = bytes;
      this.offset = offset;

n</abbr>" which is taking data from the code (Python) and converting it into something that can be sent through the network. For example, converting an object containing data from a database into a JSON object. Converting `datetime` objects into strings, etc.

Another big feature needed by APIs is data validation, making sure that the data is valid, given certain parameters. For example, that some field is an `int`, and not some random string. This is especially useful for incoming data....

     * The packet type of this DCERPC message
     */
    protected int ptype = -1;
    /**
     * The flags for this DCERPC message
     */
    protected int flags = 0;
    /**
     * The total length of this DCERPC message
     */
    protected int length = 0;
    /**
     * The call ID for matching requests and responses
     */
    protected int call_id = 0;
    /**
     * The allocation hint for buffer sizing

        // Given
        int testType = 0x20; // Server service
        when(mockNetbiosName.getNameType()).thenReturn(testType);

        // When
        int nameType = mockNetbiosName.getNameType();

        // Then
        assertEquals(testType, nameType);
        verify(mockNetbiosName).getNameType();
    }

    @ParameterizedTest
    @ValueSource(ints = { 0x00, 0x03, 0x06, 0x1B, 0x1C, 0x1D, 0x1E, 0x20 })

  @Benchmark
  int factorial(int reps) {
    int tmp = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < reps; i++) {
      int j = i & ARRAY_MASK;
      tmp += BigIntegerMath.factorial(factorials[j]).intValue();
    }
    return tmp;
  }

  @Benchmark
  int binomial(int reps) {
    int tmp = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < reps; i++) {
      int j = i & 0xffff;
      tmp += BigIntegerMath.binomial(factorials[j], binomials[j]).intValue();

      pattern.startsWith(".") ||
      pattern.endsWith("..")
    ) {
      // Invalid pattern.
      return false
    }

    // Normalize hostname and pattern by turning them into absolute domain names if they are not
    // yet absolute. This is needed because server certificates do not normally contain absolute
    // names or patterns, but they should be treated as absolute. At the same time, any hostname

    if (future instanceof ListenableFuture) {
      return (ListenableFuture<V>) future;
    }
    return new ListenableFutureAdapter<>(future, executor);
  }

  /**
   * An adapter to turn a {@link Future} into a {@link ListenableFuture}. This will wait on the
   * future to finish, and when it completes, run the listeners. This implementation will wait on

  }

  @VisibleForTesting
  static long murmurHash64WithSeed(byte[] bytes, int offset, int length, long seed) {
    long mul = K3;
    int topBit = 0x7;

    int lengthAligned = length & ~topBit;
    int lengthRemainder = length & topBit;
    long hash = seed ^ (length * mul);

    for (int i = 0; i < lengthAligned; i += 8) {
      long loaded = load64(bytes, offset + i);

    }

    @ParameterizedTest
    @ValueSource(ints = { 0, 1, 10, 100, 500, 1024 })
    void testReadDataWireFormatVariousSizes(int dataSize) throws SMBProtocolDecodingException {
        // Test with various data sizes within buffer limit
        byte[] testData = new byte[dataSize];
        Arrays.fill(testData, (byte) 0xAB);
        byte[] buffer = new byte[dataSize + 100];