# Advanced Middleware { #advanced-middleware }

In the main tutorial you read how to add [Custom Middleware](../tutorial/middleware.md){.internal-link target=_blank} to your application.

And then you also read how to handle [CORS with the `CORSMiddleware`](../tutorial/cors.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

In this section we'll see how to use other middlewares.

## Adding ASGI middlewares { #adding-asgi-middlewares }

import jcifs.SmbTreeHandle;

/**
 * Internal interface for SMB tree handle operations.
 *
 * This interface provides internal methods for managing
 * SMB tree connections and their lifecycle.
 *
 * @author mbechler
 */
public interface SmbTreeHandleInternal extends SmbTreeHandle {

    /**
     * Releases this tree handle back to the pool for reuse
     */
    void release();

    /**

    }

    @Test
    void testConstructorWithSmbFileOnly() throws IOException, CIFSException {
        // Given
        // Mock the AutoCloseable tree handle behavior
        SmbTreeHandleImpl autoCloseableMockTreeHandle = mock(SmbTreeHandleImpl.class);
        when(mockFile.ensureTreeConnected()).thenReturn(autoCloseableMockTreeHandle);

        // Next call should handle CIFSException and close iterator
        assertFalse(it.hasNext()); // After error, hasNext should return false

        // Assert
        verify(tree, times(1)).release();
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("close() closes when there is a next element and releases handle")
    void explicitClose() throws Exception {
        // Arrange

                assertEquals(testByte, buffer[i], "Byte at position " + i + " was modified");
            }
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should handle encoding at buffer boundary")
        void testEncodeAtBufferBoundary() {
            // Given
            byte[] exactBuffer = new byte[EXPECTED_SIZE];
            SrvCopychunk chunk = new SrvCopychunk(999L, 888L, 777);

/**
 * SMB1 Find Close2 request message.
 *
 * This command is used to close a search handle that was
 * opened by a Trans2 Find First2 request.
 */
public class SmbComFindClose2 extends ServerMessageBlock {

    private final int sid;

    /**
     * Creates a new SMB1 find close request to close a search handle.
     *
     * @param config the CIFS configuration
     * @param sid the search identifier to close

import jcifs.smb1.util.Encdec;

/**
 * DCERPC handle implementation using SMB named pipes for transport
 */
public class DcerpcPipeHandle extends DcerpcHandle {

    SmbNamedPipe pipe;
    SmbFileInputStream in = null;
    SmbFileOutputStream out = null;
    boolean isStart = true;

    /**
     * Creates a DCERPC pipe handle with the specified URL and authentication

            assertEquals(SMB_COM_NT_CANCEL, commandField.getByte(cancel));
        }

        @ParameterizedTest
        @ValueSource(ints = { 0, 1, 100, 255, 65535 })
        @DisplayName("Should handle different MID values")
        void testConstructorWithVariousMids(int mid) throws Exception {
            // Given
            Configuration config = mock(Configuration.class);

    static FileEntry[] doDfsRootEnum(final CIFSContext ctx, final SmbResourceLocator loc, final Address address) throws IOException {
        try (DcerpcHandle handle = getHandle(ctx, loc, address, "\\PIPE\\netdfs")) {
            final MsrpcDfsRootEnum rpc = new MsrpcDfsRootEnum(loc.getServer());
            handle.sendrecv(rpc);
            if (rpc.retval != 0) {
                throw new SmbException(rpc.retval, true);
            }

        assertEquals("-", ConsoleIcon.DETAIL.getIcon(mockTerminal));
        assertEquals(">", ConsoleIcon.ACTION.getIcon(mockTerminal));
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("should handle null terminal gracefully")
    void shouldHandleNullTerminal() {
        // Should fall back to system default charset
        for (ConsoleIcon icon : ConsoleIcon.values()) {
            String result = icon.getIcon(null);