def get_value_or_default(
    first_item: DefaultPlaceholder | DefaultType,
    *extra_items: DefaultPlaceholder | DefaultType,
) -> DefaultPlaceholder | DefaultType:
    """
    Pass items or `DefaultPlaceholder`s by descending priority.

    The first one to _not_ be a `DefaultPlaceholder` will be returned.

    Otherwise, the first item (a `DefaultPlaceholder`) will be returned.
    """

   *
   * <ul>
   *   <li>To output a separate entry for each key-value pair, pass {@code multimap.entries()} to a
   *       {@code MapJoiner} method that accepts entries as input, and receive output of the form
   *       {@code key1=A&key1=B&key2=C}.
   *   <li>To output a single entry for each key, pass {@code multimap.asMap()} to a {@code

     *
     * <p>This method is used when testing iterators without a known ordering. We poll the target
     * iterator's next element and pass it to the reference iterator through this method so it can
     * return the same element. This enables the assertion to pass and the reference iterator to
     * properly update its state.
     */
    void promoteToNext(E e) {
      if (nextElements.remove(e)) {

 * always very useful information.
 *
 * <p>On the other hand, a <i>parameter</i> type of {@link ImmutableList} is generally a nuisance to
 * callers. Instead, accept {@link Iterable} and have your method or constructor body pass it to the
 * appropriate {@code copyOf} method itself.
 *
 * <p>Expressing the immutability guarantee directly in the type that user code references is a

   *
   * <ul>
   *   <li>To output a separate entry for each key-value pair, pass {@code multimap.entries()} to a
   *       {@code MapJoiner} method that accepts entries as input, and receive output of the form
   *       {@code key1=A&key1=B&key2=C}.
   *   <li>To output a single entry for each key, pass {@code multimap.asMap()} to a {@code

    // URL escapers should throw null pointer exceptions for null input
    try {
      e.escape((String) null);
      fail("Escaping null string should throw exception");
    } catch (NullPointerException x) {
      // pass
    }

    // All URL escapers should leave 0-9, A-Z, a-z unescaped
    assertUnescaped(e, 'a');
    assertUnescaped(e, 'z');
    assertUnescaped(e, 'A');
    assertUnescaped(e, 'Z');
    assertUnescaped(e, '0');

         * processes one artifact at a time and hence cannot associate the artifacts from the same project to use the
         * same timestamp+buildno for the snapshot versions. Allowing the caller to pass in metadata from a previous
         * deployment allows to re-establish the association between the artifacts of the same project.
         */
        for (Metadata metadata : request.getMetadata()) {

    // Assert that escapers throw null pointer exceptions.
    try {
      escaper.escape((String) null);
      Assert.fail("exception not thrown when escaping a null string");
    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
      // pass
    }
  }

  /**
   * Asserts that an escaper escapes the given character into the expected string.
   *
   * @param escaper the non-null escaper to test
   * @param expected the expected output string

    // Assert that escapers throw null pointer exceptions.
    try {
      escaper.escape((String) null);
      Assert.fail("exception not thrown when escaping a null string");
    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
      // pass
    }
  }

  /**
   * Asserts that an escaper escapes the given character into the expected string.
   *
   * @param escaper the non-null escaper to test
   * @param expected the expected output string

        minThresholdPosition = pivotNewIndex;
      } else {
        break;
      }
      iterations++;
      if (iterations >= maxIterations) {
        @SuppressWarnings("nullness") // safe because we pass sort() a range that contains real Ts
        T[] castBuffer = (T[]) buffer;
        // We've already taken O(k log k), let's make sure we don't take longer than O(k log k).
        sort(castBuffer, left, right + 1, comparator);