from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

items = {}


@asynccontextmanager
async def lifespan(app: FastAPI):
    items["foo"] = {"name": "Fighters"}
    items["bar"] = {"name": "Tenders"}
    yield
    # clean up items
    items.clear()


app = FastAPI(lifespan=lifespan)


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
async def read_items(item_id: str):
    return items[item_id]


def test_read_items():

    def __init__(
        self, app: ASGIApp, context_name: str = "fastapi_middleware_astack"
    ) -> None:
        self.app = app
        self.context_name = context_name

    async def __call__(self, scope: Scope, receive: Receive, send: Send) -> None:
        async with AsyncExitStack() as stack:
            scope[self.context_name] = stack

@app.post("/optional-list-str", operation_id="optional_list_str")
async def read_optional_list_str(
    p: Annotated[Optional[list[str]], Form()] = None,
):
    return {"p": p}


class FormModelOptionalListStr(BaseModel):
    p: Optional[list[str]] = None


@app.post("/model-optional-list-str", operation_id="model_optional_list_str")
async def read_model_optional_list_str(p: Annotated[FormModelOptionalListStr, Form()]):

    @property  # type: ignore
    def __class__(self):
        return uuid.UUID

    @property
    def __dict__(self):
        """Spoof a missing __dict__ by raising TypeError, this is how
        asyncpg.pgroto.pgproto.UUID behaves"""
        raise TypeError("vars() argument must have __dict__ attribute")


def test_pydanticv2():
    from pydantic import field_serializer

    app = FastAPI()

    return User(
        username=token + "fakedecoded", email="******@****.***", full_name="John Doe"
    )


async def get_current_user(token: Annotated[str, Depends(oauth2_scheme)]):
    user = fake_decode_token(token)
    return user


@app.get("/users/me")
async def read_users_me(current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)]):

}


@app.get(
    "/items/{item_id}/name",
    response_model=Item,
    response_model_include={"name", "description"},
)
async def read_item_name(item_id: str):
    return items[item_id]


@app.get("/items/{item_id}/public", response_model=Item, response_model_exclude={"tax"})
async def read_item_public_data(item_id: str):

}


@app.get(
    "/items/{item_id}/name",
    response_model=Item,
    response_model_include={"name", "description"},
)
async def read_item_name(item_id: str):
    return items[item_id]


@app.get("/items/{item_id}/public", response_model=Item, response_model_exclude={"tax"})
async def read_item_public_data(item_id: str):

    name: str
    owner: UserDB


class PetOut(BaseModel):
    name: str
    owner: UserBase


@app.post("/users/", response_model=UserBase)
async def create_user(user: UserCreate):
    return user


@app.get("/pets/{pet_id}", response_model=PetOut)
async def read_pet(pet_id: int):
    user = UserDB(
        email="******@****.***",
        hashed_password="secrethashed",
    )

# Without aliases


@app.get("/optional-str")
async def read_optional_str(p: Annotated[Optional[str], Cookie()] = None):
    return {"p": p}


class CookieModelOptionalStr(BaseModel):
    p: Optional[str] = None


@app.get("/model-optional-str")
async def read_model_optional_str(p: Annotated[CookieModelOptionalStr, Cookie()]):
    return {"p": p.p}

## `Async` ou não, eis a questão { #to-async-or-not-to-async }

Como as dependências também serão chamadas pelo **FastAPI** (da mesma forma que *funções de operação de rota*), as mesmas regras se aplicam ao definir suas funções.

Você pode utilizar `async def` ou apenas `def`.