* (NCR). However, horizontal tab {@code '\t'}, line feed {@code '\n'} and carriage return {@code
   * '\r'} are escaped to a corresponding NCR {@code "	"}, {@code "
"}, and {@code "
"}
   * respectively. Any other non-ASCII characters appearing in the input will be preserved in the
   * output.
   *
   * <p>This escaper does not treat surrogate pairs specially and does not perform Unicode
   * validation on its input.

 * Jr.'s <i>Hacker's Delight</i>, (Addison Wesley, 2002).
 *
 * <p>Similar functionality for {@code int} and for {@link BigInteger} can be found in {@link
 * IntMath} and {@link BigIntegerMath} respectively. For other common operations on {@code long}
 * values, see {@link com.google.common.primitives.Longs}.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 * @since 11.0
 */
@GwtCompatible
public final class LongMath {

 *   to be executed when the computation is complete.
 *   The Promise class has then and error methods that allow you to register callbacks
 *   for successful and unsuccessful computations, respectively.
 * </p>
 *
 * <p>
 *   The Deferred class uses a CountDownLatch to allow you to wait for the computation to complete.
 *   The resolve and reject methods decrement the CountDownLatch, allowing the getResponse method

         * - Duplicate terms can be removed based on the `duplicateTermRemoved` flag.
         * - The maximum size of alphanumeric and symbol terms can be limited by `maxAlphanumTermSize` and `maxSymbolTermSize` respectively.
         *
         * @return A processed string with terms and spaces, or an empty string if the reader is null or an IOException occurs.
         */
        public String execute() {

   * short[]}, or {@code int[]}. When it is a {@code byte[]} or {@code short[]}, the returned value
   * is unsigned, so the range of possible returned values is 0–255 or 0–65535, respectively.
   */
  static int tableGet(Object table, int index) {
    if (table instanceof byte[]) {
      return ((byte[]) table)[index] & BYTE_MASK; // unsigned read
    } else if (table instanceof short[]) {

   * {@code Map<T, Something>} to {@code Map<String, Something>} etc. Similarly, {@code formal} and
   * {@code actual} can be {@code Map<K, V>} and {@code Map<String, Integer>} respectively, or they
   * can be {@code E[]} and {@code String[]} respectively, or even any arbitrary combination
   * thereof.
   *
   * @param formal The type whose type variables or itself is mapped to other type(s). It's almost

   *
   * @return the distance as described above, or {@link Long#MIN_VALUE} or {@link Long#MAX_VALUE} if
   *     the distance is too small or too large, respectively.
   */
  public abstract long distance(C start, C end);

  /**
   * Returns the minimum value of type {@code C}, if it has one. The minimum value is the unique

 *
 * <p>When dealing with {@link Inet4Address} and {@link Inet6Address} objects as byte arrays (vis.
 * {@code InetAddress.getAddress()}) they are 4 and 16 bytes in length, respectively, and represent
 * the address in network byte order.
 *
 * <p>Examples of IP addresses and their byte representations:
 *
 * <dl>
 *   <dt>The IPv4 loopback address, {@code "127.0.0.1"}.

 * (unless there are {@link Double#NaN NaN} values, see below); otherwise, the result is the average
 * of the values which would appear at the indexes floor(x) and ceil(x) weighted by (1-frac(x)) and
 * frac(x) respectively. This is the same definition as used by Excel and by S, it is the Type 7
 * definition in <a
 * href="http://stat.ethz.ch/R-manual/R-devel/library/stats/html/quantile.html">R</a>, and it is
 * described by <a

 * Jr.'s <i>Hacker's Delight</i>, (Addison Wesley, 2002).
 *
 * <p>Similar functionality for {@code int} and for {@code long} can be found in {@link IntMath} and
 * {@link LongMath} respectively.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 * @since 11.0
 */
@GwtCompatible
public final class BigIntegerMath {
  /**
   * Returns the smallest power of two greater than or equal to {@code x}. This is equivalent to