assertNotNull(exception);
        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertEquals(intermediateCause, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals(rootCause, exception.getCause().getCause());
    }

    public void test_constructor_withSpecialCharactersInMessage() {
        // Test constructor with special characters in message

        assertNull(nullCauseException.getCause());

        // Test with both null
        TransportException bothNullException = new TransportException(null, null);
        assertNull(bothNullException.getMessage());
        assertNull(bothNullException.getCause());
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test deprecated getRootCause method returns the same as getCause")
    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")

        QueryParseException queryParseException = new QueryParseException(parseException);

        assertEquals(parseException, queryParseException.getCause());
        assertEquals(rootCause, queryParseException.getCause().getCause());
    }

    public void test_toString() {
        // Test toString method
        String errorMessage = "ToString test error";

        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertEquals(middleCause, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals(rootCause, exception.getCause().getCause());
    }

    public void test_exceptionSerialization() {
        // Test that the exception is serializable
        String message = "Serialization test";
        Exception cause = new Exception("Test cause");

        // Check first level cause
        assertNotNull(exception.getCause());
        assertEquals("Intermediate problem", exception.getCause().getMessage());

        // Check second level cause
        assertNotNull(exception.getCause().getCause());
        assertEquals("Root problem", exception.getCause().getCause().getMessage());
    }

    public void test_messageWithSpecialCharacters() {

        // Verify chain
        assertSame(level1, topLevel.getCause());
        assertSame(level2, topLevel.getCause().getCause());
        assertSame(level3, topLevel.getCause().getCause().getCause());
        assertNull(topLevel.getCause().getCause().getCause().getCause());

        // Verify messages
        assertEquals("Top level", topLevel.getMessage());

        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertEquals(middleCause, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals("Middle cause", exception.getCause().getMessage());
        assertEquals(rootCause, exception.getCause().getCause());
        assertEquals("Root cause", exception.getCause().getCause().getMessage());
    }

    public void test_serialVersionUID() {

        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertEquals("Top level error", exception.getMessage());
        assertEquals(middleCause, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals(rootCause, exception.getCause().getCause());
    }

    public void test_stackTrace() {
        // Test that stack trace is properly set
        DataStoreException exception = new DataStoreException("Test error");

        assertEquals("Thumbnail generation error", exception.getMessage());
        assertEquals(middleCause, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals("Processing failed", exception.getCause().getMessage());
        assertEquals(innerCause, exception.getCause().getCause());
        assertEquals("Invalid image format", exception.getCause().getCause().getMessage());
    }

    public void test_serialization() {

            fail("Should throw IORuntimeException");
        } catch (IORuntimeException e) {
            assertTrue(e.getCause() instanceof IOException);
            assertEquals("Test exception", e.getCause().getMessage());
        }
    }

    public void test_getXContentString_withEmptyContent() {
        ToXContent xContent = new ToXContent() {
            @Override