assertEquals(dataLength, response.getDataLength());
        assertEquals(dataRemaining, response.getDataRemaining());

        // Verify data was copied to output buffer
        byte[] copiedData = Arrays.copyOfRange(outputBuffer, 0, dataLength);
        assertArrayEquals(testData, copiedData);
    }

    @Test

        assertEquals(len, enc.size(), "size() must equal provided length");
        assertEquals(len, written, "encode() must return number of bytes written");

        // Assert: copied region equals the source slice.
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            assertEquals(src[off + i], dst[dstIndex + i], "Byte mismatch at " + i);
        }

    }

    @Test
    void copiesOutputIntoProvidedBufferAndBlocksGetOutputData() throws Exception {
        // When an output buffer is provided, bytes are copied and getOutputData(Class) should fail.
        byte[] header = buildHeader(NtStatus.NT_STATUS_SUCCESS);
        byte[] output = new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };

     * @param destClass the class of the destination bean
     * @return a new instance of the destination class with copied properties
     */
    protected static <T> T copyBeanToNewBean(final Object src, final Class<T> destClass) {
        return BeanUtil.copyBeanToNewBean(src, destClass);
    }

    /**
     * Builds a comprehensive error message from a throwable and its causes.

        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];

        int written = request.writeBytesWireFormat(buffer, 0);

        // Verify file ID is copied correctly (starts at offset 8)
        for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
            assertEquals(customFileId[i], buffer[8 + i]);
        }
        assertEquals(56, written);
    }

    @Test

        // Execute
        int result = response.readDataWireFormat(buffer, 10, sourceData.length);

        // Verify
        assertEquals(sourceData.length, result);
        // Check that data was copied to output buffer
        for (int i = 0; i < sourceData.length; i++) {
            assertEquals(sourceData[i], outputBuffer[i]);
        }
    }

    @Test

        responseData.setExecutionTime(1000L);
        responseData.setContentLength(2048L);

        result.init(responseData, null);

        // Verify fields were copied from ResponseData
        assertEquals("https://example.com/page", result.getUrl());
        assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(200), result.getHttpStatusCode());
        assertEquals("GET", result.getMethod());

            // Assert
            assertNotNull(uuid.node);
            assertEquals(6, uuid.node.length);
            assertArrayEquals(new byte[6], uuid.node, "Empty node array should be copied");
        }
    }

    @Nested
    @DisplayName("toString() Tests")
    class ToStringTests {

        @Test
        @DisplayName("toString() should return correctly formatted UUID string")

        assertNotNull(resumeKey, "Resume key should not be null");
        assertEquals(24, resumeKey.length, "Resume key should be 24 bytes");

        // Verify first 24 bytes were copied
        for (int i = 0; i < 24; i++) {
            assertEquals((byte) (i % 256), resumeKey[i], "Resume key byte " + i + " should match buffer");
        }
    }

    @Test

        // Assert
        assertEquals(24, resp.length, "LMv2 response length must be 24");
        assertArrayEquals(clientChallenge, Arrays.copyOfRange(resp, 16, 24), "Client challenge must be copied to last 8 bytes");
        assertFalse(Arrays.equals(new byte[24], resp), "Response must not be all zeros");
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("getLMv2Response(byte[]): empty client data allowed")