public int compare(Comparable<?> left, Comparable<?> right) {
    checkNotNull(left); // right null is caught later
    if (left == right) {
      return 0;
    }

    return ((Comparable<Object>) right).compareTo(left);
  }

  @Override
  public <S extends Comparable<?>> Ordering<S> reverse() {
    return Ordering.natural();
  }

  // Override the min/max methods to "hoist" delegation outside loops

      Map<E, Integer> delegateMap, ImmutableList<Entry<E>> entries, long size) {
    this.delegateMap = delegateMap;
    this.entries = entries;
    this.size = size;
  }

  @Override
  public int count(@Nullable Object element) {
    return delegateMap.getOrDefault(element, 0);
  }

  @LazyInit private transient @Nullable ImmutableSet<E> elementSet;

  @Override
  public ImmutableSet<E> elementSet() {

                                "type": "array",
                                "title": "Detail",
                            }
                        },
                        "type": "object",
                        "title": "HTTPValidationError",
                    },
                    "ValidationError": {
                        "properties": {
                            "loc": {

                                "type": "array",
                                "title": "Detail",
                            }
                        },
                        "type": "object",
                        "title": "HTTPValidationError",
                    },
                    "ValidationError": {
                        "properties": {
                            "loc": {

        assertTrue(maxDataCount > 0);
        offset += 2;

        // Verify total bytes written
        assertEquals(offset, bytesWritten);
    }

    // Helper methods

    private Object getFieldValue(Object obj, String fieldName) {
        try {
            Field field = getField(obj.getClass(), fieldName);
            field.setAccessible(true);
            return field.get(obj);
        } catch (Exception e) {

    /**
     * Retrieves a list of documents based on the KeyMatch query.
     *
     * @param keyMatch The KeyMatch instance.
     * @return A list of documents.
     */
    protected List<Map<String, Object>> getDocumentList(final KeyMatch keyMatch) {
        final SearchEngineClient searchEngineClient = ComponentUtil.getSearchEngineClient();
        final FessConfig fessConfig = ComponentUtil.getFessConfig();

    }

    @Override
    public WebConfigDbm asDBMeta() {
        return WebConfigDbm.getInstance();
    }

    @Override
    protected <RESULT extends WebConfig> RESULT createEntity(Map<String, Object> source, Class<? extends RESULT> entityType) {
        try {
            final RESULT result = entityType.newInstance();
            result.setAvailable(DfTypeUtil.toBoolean(source.get("available")));

For example, you could want to **return a dictionary** or a database object, but **declare it as a Pydantic model**. This way the Pydantic model would do all the data documentation, validation, etc. for the object that you returned (e.g. a dictionary or database object).

     *
     * @return XML content of String.
     */
    @Override
    public Object getData(final AccessResultData<?> accessResultData) {
        if (dataClass == null) {
            return super.getData(accessResultData);
        }

        final Map<String, Object> dataMap = XmlUtil.getDataMap(accessResultData);
        if (Map.class.equals(dataClass)) {
            return dataMap;

Including external libraries also based on Pydantic, as <abbr title="Object-Relational Mapper">ORM</abbr>s, <abbr title="Object-Document Mapper">ODM</abbr>s for databases.

This also means that in many cases you can pass the same object you get from a request **directly to the database**, as everything is validated automatically.

The same applies the other way around, in many cases you can just pass the object you get from the database **directly to the client**.