bufferIndex += 24;

        String str;
        if (this.unicode) {
            if (fileNameLength > 0 && buffer[bufferIndex + fileNameLength - 1] == '\0'
                    && buffer[bufferIndex + fileNameLength - 2] == '\0') {
                fileNameLength -= 2;
            }
            str = Strings.fromUNIBytes(buffer, bufferIndex, fileNameLength);
        } else {

    }

    String readString(final byte[] src, final int srcIndex, int len) {
        String str = null;
        try {
            if (useUnicode) {
                // should Unicode alignment be corrected for here?
                str = new String(src, srcIndex, len, UNI_ENCODING);
            } else {

                /* On NT without Unicode the fileNameLength

{* ../../docs_src/security/tutorial002_an_py310.py hl[25] *}

## Den Benutzer holen

`get_current_user` wird eine von uns erstellte (gefakte) Hilfsfunktion verwenden, welche einen Token vom Typ `str` entgegennimmt und unser Pydantic-`User`-Modell zurückgibt:

{* ../../docs_src/security/tutorial002_an_py310.py hl[25] *}

## Get the user { #get-the-user }

`get_current_user` will use a (fake) utility function we created, that takes a token as a `str` and returns our Pydantic `User` model:

fazendo antes diretamente na *operação de rota*, a nossa nova dependência `get_current_user` receberá um `token` como uma `str` da subdependência `oauth2_scheme`:
L28:
L29:{* ../../docs_src/security/tutorial002_an_py310.py hl[25] *}
L30:
L31:## Obter o usuário
L32:
L33:`get_current_user` usará uma função utilitária (falsa) que criamos, que recebe um token como uma `str` e retorna nosso modelo Pydantic `User`:
L34:
L35:{* ../../docs_src/security/tutorial002_an_py310.py hl[19:22,26:27] *}
...

        item.setNewOutput("newOutput");

        String str = item.toString();
        assertTrue(str.contains("id=1"));
        assertTrue(str.contains("inputs=[a, b]"));
        assertTrue(str.contains("output=output"));
        assertTrue(str.contains("newInputs=[x, y]"));
        assertTrue(str.contains("newOutput=newOutput"));
    }

    public void test_toLineString_withoutUpdates() {

* 데이터 변환
* 데이터 검증
* 자동 문서화

## 특별한 타입과 검증

`str`, `int`, `float` 등과 같은 단일 타입과는 별개로, `str`을 상속하는 더 복잡한 단일 타입을 사용할 수 있습니다.

모든 옵션을 보려면, <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/types/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic's exotic types</a> 문서를 확인하세요. 다음 장에서 몇가지 예제를 볼 수 있습니다.

예를 들어 `Image` 모델 안에 `url` 필드를 `str` 대신 Pydantic의 `HttpUrl`로 선언할 수 있습니다:

   *
   * {@snippet :
   * static final Multimap<Character, String> FIRST_LETTER_MULTIMAP =
   *     Stream.of("banana", "apple", "carrot", "asparagus", "cherry")
   *         .collect(toImmutableListMultimap(str -> str.charAt(0), str -> str.substring(1)));
   *
   * // is equivalent to
   *
   * static final Multimap<Character, String> FIRST_LETTER_MULTIMAP =
   *     new ImmutableListMultimap.Builder<Character, String>()

from typing import Optional

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: bool = Optional[None]


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Optional[str] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")

from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")