# Testen { #testing }

Dank [Starlette](https://www.starlette.dev/testclient/) ist das Testen von **FastAPI**-Anwendungen einfach und macht Spaß.

Es basiert auf [HTTPX](https://www.python-httpx.org), welches wiederum auf der Grundlage von Requests konzipiert wurde, es ist also sehr vertraut und intuitiv.

Damit können Sie [pytest](https://docs.pytest.org/) direkt mit **FastAPI** verwenden.

## `TestClient` verwenden { #using-testclient }

/// info | Info

   *
   * <p>This differs from {@code Long.bitCount(x) == 1}, because {@code
   * Long.bitCount(Long.MIN_VALUE) == 1}, but {@link Long#MIN_VALUE} is not a power of two.
   */
  // Whenever both tests are cheap and functional, it's faster to use &, | instead of &&, ||
  @SuppressWarnings("ShortCircuitBoolean")
  public static boolean isPowerOfTwo(long x) {
    return x > 0 & (x & (x - 1)) == 0;
  }

  /**

import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.Stream;

/**
 * This class wraps certain {@code git} operations. This is partly for convenience, and partly so that these
 * operations can be easily mocked in testing.
 */
public class GitWrapper {

    private final ExecOperations execOperations;

    public GitWrapper(ExecOperations execOperations) {
        this.execOperations = execOperations;
    }

import java.util.Map;
import java.util.TreeMap;
import java.util.WeakHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;

/**
 * Utility class for easily creating and setting values in {@link Map} instances.
 * <p>
 * By statically importing this class, you can easily initialize {@literal Map} instances as follows:
 * </p>
 *
 * <pre>
 * import static org.codelibs.core.collection.Maps.*;
 *

- Never change ellipsis in code, URLs, or CLI examples.

### Preferred translations / glossary

- Should avoid using simplified Chinese characters and terms. Always examine if the translation can be easily comprehended by the Traditional Chinese readers.
- For some Python-specific terms like "pickle", "list", "dict" etc, we don't have to translate them.
- Use the following preferred translations when they apply in documentation prose:

import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;

/**
 * Basher test for {@link AtomicLongMap}.
 *
 * @author mike nonemacher
 */
@J2ktIncompatible // threads
@GwtIncompatible // threads
@NullUnmarked
public class AtomicLongMapBasherTest extends TestCase {

 * desirable to use in some unit tests. More importantly, attempting to debug a call which is
 * time-limited would be extremely annoying, so this gives you a time-limiter you can easily swap in
 * for your real time-limiter while you're debugging.
 *
 * @author Kevin Bourrillion
 * @author Jens Nyman
 * @since 1.0
 */
@J2ktIncompatible
@GwtIncompatible

    void testHelpLogsMessages() throws Exception {
        UpgradeContext context = createMockContext();

        help.execute(context);

        // Verify that logger.info was called multiple times
        // We can't easily verify the exact content without capturing the logger output,
        // but we can verify that the method executes without errors
        Mockito.verify(context.logger, Mockito.atLeastOnce()).info(Mockito.anyString());
    }

## Conditional OpenAPI from settings and env vars { #conditional-openapi-from-settings-and-env-vars }

You can easily use the same Pydantic settings to configure your generated OpenAPI and the docs UIs.

For example:

{* ../../docs_src/conditional_openapi/tutorial001_py310.py hl[6,11] *}

Dies ist lediglich eine **schnelle Anleitung / Auffrischung** über Pythons Typhinweise. Sie deckt nur das Minimum ab, das nötig ist, um diese mit **FastAPI** zu verwenden ... was tatsächlich sehr wenig ist.

**FastAPI** basiert vollständig auf diesen Typhinweisen, sie geben der Anwendung viele Vorteile und Möglichkeiten.

Aber selbst wenn Sie **FastAPI** nie verwenden, wird es für Sie nützlich sein, ein wenig darüber zu lernen.

/// note | Hinweis