/**
 * Implementation detail for the internal structure of {@link Range} instances. Represents a unique
 * way of "cutting" a "number line" (actually of instances of type {@code C}, not necessarily
 * "numbers") into two sections; this can be done below a certain value, above a certain value,
 * below all values or above all values. With this object defined in this way, an interval can
 * always be represented by a pair of {@code Cut} instances.

 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */
package org.apache.maven.settings.validation;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.maven.internal.impl.DefaultSettingsBuilder;
import org.apache.maven.settings.Mirror;
import org.apache.maven.settings.Profile;
import org.apache.maven.settings.Proxy;
import org.apache.maven.settings.Repository;

package logger

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"time"

	"github.com/klauspost/compress/gzip"
	xioutil "github.com/minio/minio/internal/ioutil"
	"github.com/minio/pkg/v3/logger/message/log"
)

func defaultFilenameFunc() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("minio-%s.log", fmt.Sprintf("%X", time.Now().UTC().UnixNano()))
}

```

////

/// info

Để học nhiều hơn về <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic, tham khảo tài liệu của nó</a>.

///

**FastAPI** được dựa hoàn toàn trên Pydantic.

Bạn sẽ thấy nhiều ví dụ thực tế hơn trong [Hướng dẫn sử dụng](tutorial/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

/// tip

**Typer** є молодшим братом FastAPI. І це **FastAPI для CLI**. ⌨️ 🚀

## Вимоги

FastAPI стоїть на плечах гігантів:

* <a href="https://www.starlette.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starlette</a> для web частини.
* <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic</a> для частини даних.

  }

  Equivalence<Object> getValueEquivalence() {
    return MoreObjects.firstNonNull(valueEquivalence, getValueStrength().defaultEquivalence());
  }

  /**
   * Sets the minimum total size for the internal hash tables. For example, if the initial capacity
   * is {@code 60}, and the concurrency level is {@code 8}, then eight segments are created, each

{!../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial011.py!}
```

/// info | "情報"

Pydanticについてより学びたい方は<a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/" class="external-link" target="_blank">ドキュメントを参照してください</a>.

///

**FastAPI** はすべてPydanticをベースにしています。

すべてのことは[チュートリアル - ユーザーガイド](tutorial/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}で実際に見ることができます。

## **FastAPI**での型ヒント

**FastAPI** はこれらの型ヒントを利用していくつかのことを行います。

## Gesamtübersicht

Sehen wir uns zunächst kurz die Teile an, die sich gegenüber den Beispielen im Haupt-**Tutorial – Benutzerhandbuch** für [OAuth2 mit Password (und Hashing), Bearer mit JWT-Tokens](../../tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md){.internal-link target=_blank} ändern. Diesmal verwenden wir OAuth2-Scopes:

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="4  8  12  46  64  105  107-115  121-124  128-134  139  155"
{!> ../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py310.py!}

package cmd

import (
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"sync/atomic"
	"time"
	"unsafe"

	"github.com/minio/madmin-go/v3"
	"github.com/minio/minio/internal/bucket/lifecycle"
)

//go:generate stringer -type=scannerMetric -trimprefix=scannerMetric $GOFILE

type scannerMetric uint8

type scannerMetrics struct {
	// All fields must be accessed atomically and aligned.

	lockFileExclusiveLock   = 2
	lockFileFailImmediately = 1

	// see https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms681382(v=vs.85).aspx
	errLockViolation syscall.Errno = 0x21
)

// lockedOpenFile is an internal function.
func lockedOpenFile(path string, flag int, perm os.FileMode, lockType uint32) (*LockedFile, error) {
	f, err := Open(path, flag, perm)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}