public void testNullPointers() {
    NullPointerTester tester = new NullPointerTester();
    tester.testAllPublicStaticMethods(ImmutableMap.class);
    tester.testAllPublicInstanceMethods(new ImmutableMap.Builder<Object, Object>());
    tester.testAllPublicInstanceMethods(ImmutableMap.of());
    tester.testAllPublicInstanceMethods(ImmutableMap.of("one", 1));
    tester.testAllPublicInstanceMethods(ImmutableMap.of("one", 1, "two", 2, "three", 3));

///

/// tip

If you want to call `async` functions in your tests apart from sending requests to your FastAPI application (e.g. asynchronous database functions), have a look at the [Async Tests](../advanced/async-tests.md){.internal-link target=_blank} in the advanced tutorial.

///

## Separating tests { #separating-tests }

In a real application, you probably would have your tests in a different file.

```console
$ pip install httpx
```

///

Імпортуйте `TestClient`.

Створіть `TestClient`, передавши йому Ваш застосунок **FastAPI**.

Створюйте функції з іменами, що починаються з `test_` (це стандартна угода для `pytest`).

Використовуйте об'єкт `TestClient` так само як і `httpx`.

Записуйте прості `assert`-вирази зі стандартними виразами Python, які потрібно перевірити (це також стандарт для `pytest`).

 *       have, of returning a new, independent iterator
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>Because of this situation, any public method accepting an iterable should invoke the {@code
 * iterator} method only once, and should be tested using this class. Exceptions to this rule should
 * be clearly documented.
 *
 * <p>Note that although your APIs should be liberal in what they accept, your methods which

  }

  static void checkPositive(int value, String name) {
    if (value <= 0) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException(name + " must be positive but was: " + value);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Precondition tester for {@code Iterator.remove()} that throws an exception with a consistent
   * error message.
   */
  static void checkRemove(boolean canRemove) {
    checkState(canRemove, "no calls to next() since the last call to remove()");

  }

  @J2ktIncompatible
  @GwtIncompatible // NullPointerTester
  public void testNullPointers() {
    NullPointerTester tester = new NullPointerTester();
    tester.testAllPublicConstructors(MinMaxPriorityQueue.class);
    tester.testAllPublicStaticMethods(MinMaxPriorityQueue.class);
    tester.testAllPublicInstanceMethods(MinMaxPriorityQueue.<String>create());
  }

import com.google.common.annotations.J2ktIncompatible;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Set;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Encapsulates the constraints that a class under test must satisfy in order for a tester method to
 * be run against that class.
 *
 * @author George van den Driessche
 */
@GwtCompatible
public final class TesterRequirements {
  private final Set<Feature<?>> presentFeatures;

import org.junit.Ignore;

/**
 * Tester for {@code BiMap.clear}.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */
@GwtCompatible
@Ignore("test runners must not instantiate and run this directly, only via suites we build")
// @Ignore affects the Android test runner, which respects JUnit 4 annotations on JUnit 3 tests.
@SuppressWarnings("JUnit4ClassUsedInJUnit3")

import java.util.Map.Entry;
import junit.framework.Test;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import junit.framework.TestSuite;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;

/**
 * Unit test of {@link MutableClassToInstanceMap}.
 *
 * @author Kevin Bourrillion
 */
@NullUnmarked
public class MutableClassToInstanceMapTest extends TestCase {
  @AndroidIncompatible // test-suite builders
  public static Test suite() {

# Benchmarks { #benchmarks }

Benchmarks independentes da TechEmpower mostram as aplicações **FastAPI** rodando com Uvicorn como <a href="https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=test&runid=7464e520-0dc2-473d-bd34-dbdfd7e85911&hw=ph&test=query&l=zijzen-7" class="external-link" target="_blank">um dos frameworks Python mais rápidos disponíveis</a>, somente atrás dos próprios Starlette e Uvicorn (utilizados internamente pelo FastAPI).