@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):
    return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id}
```

@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):
    return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id}
```

伺服器將自動重新載入（因為在上一步中，你向 `uvicorn` 指令添加了 `--reload` 的選項）。

    price: float
    tax: float | None = None


class User(BaseModel):
    username: str
    full_name: str | None = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item, user: User, importance: int = Body()):
    results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item, "user": user, "importance": importance}

from datetime import datetime
from typing import List, Union

from pydantic import BaseModel


class User(BaseModel):
    id: int
    name: str = "John Doe"
    signup_ts: Union[datetime, None] = None
    friends: List[int] = []


external_data = {
    "id": "123",
    "signup_ts": "2017-06-01 12:22",
    "friends": [1, "2", b"3"],
}
user = User(**external_data)
print(user)

from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
from typing_extensions import Literal

app = FastAPI()


class FilterParams(BaseModel):
    class Config:
        extra = "forbid"

    limit: int = Field(100, gt=0, le=100)
    offset: int = Field(0, ge=0)
    order_by: Literal["created_at", "updated_at"] = "created_at"
    tags: List[str] = []


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(filter_query: FilterParams = Query()):

// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

package p3

type ThirdBase struct{}

func (tb *ThirdBase) GoodPlayer() (i, j, k int)

```

////

//// tab | 🐍 3️⃣.9️⃣ & 🔛

```Python hl_lines="1"
{!> ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial007_py39.py!}
```

////

👉 ⛓:

* 🔢 `items_t` `tuple` ⏮️ 3️⃣ 🏬, `int`, ➕1️⃣ `int`, & `str`.
* 🔢 `items_s` `set`, & 🔠 🚮 🏬 🆎 `bytes`.

####  #️⃣

🔬 `dict`, 👆 🚶‍♀️ 2️⃣ 🆎 🔢, 🎏 ❕.

🥇 🆎 🔢 🔑 `dict`.

🥈 🆎 🔢 💲 `dict`:

//// tab | 🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛

// OfflineDisk represents an unavailable disk.
var OfflineDisk StorageAPI // zero value is nil

// erasureObjects - Implements ER object layer.
type erasureObjects struct {
	setDriveCount      int
	defaultParityCount int

	setIndex  int
	poolIndex int

	// getDisks returns list of storageAPIs.
	getDisks func() []StorageAPI

	// getLockers returns list of remote and local lockers.
	getLockers func() ([]dsync.NetLocker, string)

    throwIf(OPEN_THROWS);
  }

  public boolean closed() {
    return closed;
  }

  @Override
  public void write(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException {
    throwIf(closed);
    throwIf(WRITE_THROWS);
    super.write(b, off, len);
  }

  @Override
  public void write(int b) throws IOException {
    throwIf(closed);
    throwIf(WRITE_THROWS);
    super.write(b);
  }

  @Override

     * returns -1 if none is available.
     * @return the current line number
     */
    int getLineNumber();

    /**
     * Return the column number where the current event ends,
     * returns -1 if none is available.
     * @return the current column number
     */
    int getColumnNumber();

    /**
     * Return the byte or character offset into the input source this location