import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Abstract test case parent for anything implementing {@link ListenableFuture}. Tests the two get
 * methods and the addListener method.
 *
 * @author Sven Mawson
 * @since 10.0
 */
@GwtIncompatible

`app.add_middleware()` receives a middleware class as the first argument and any additional arguments to be passed to the middleware.

## Integrated middlewares { #integrated-middlewares }

**FastAPI** includes several middlewares for common use cases, we'll see next how to use them.

/// note | Technical Details

For the next examples, you could also use `from starlette.middleware.something import SomethingMiddleware`.

    // may change and break assumptions in this test [*]. This is not a bug in the implementation of
    // Ascii.equalsIgnoreCase(), but it is a signal that its documentation may need updating as
    // regards edge cases.

    // The Unicode point {@code 00df} is the lowercase form of sharp-S (ß), whose uppercase is "SS".
    assertEquals("PASSWORD", "pa\u00dfword".toUpperCase()); // [*]

                        if (file.exists()) {
                            if (!file.delete()) {
                                // sleep for 10ms just in case this is windows holding a file lock
                                try {
                                    Thread.sleep(10);
                                } catch (InterruptedException ie) {

      // the journal rebuild failed, the journal writer will not be active, meaning we will not be
      // able to record the edit, causing file leaks. In both cases, we want to retry the clean up
      // so we can get out of this state!
      cleanupQueue.schedule(cleanupTask)
      return null
    }

    // Flush the journal before creating files to prevent file leaks.

)

REM max direct memory
if NOT "%FESS_DIRECT_SIZE%" == "" (
set FESS_JAVA_OPTS=%FESS_JAVA_OPTS% -XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=%FESS_DIRECT_SIZE%
)

REM set to headless, just in case
set FESS_JAVA_OPTS=%FESS_JAVA_OPTS% -Djava.awt.headless=true

REM maximum # keep-alive connections to maintain at once
set FESS_JAVA_OPTS=%FESS_JAVA_OPTS% -Dhttp.maxConnections=20

REM Force the JVM to use IPv4 stack

    if (obj instanceof Subscriber) {
      Subscriber that = (Subscriber) obj;
      // Use == so that different equal instances will still receive events.
      // We only guard against the case that the same object is registered
      // multiple times
      return target == that.target && method.equals(that.method);
    }
    return false;
  }

  /**

 * methods of the delegate. For example, overriding {@link #add} alone <b>will not</b> change the
 * behavior of {@link #addAll}, which can lead to unexpected behavior. In this case, you should
 * override {@code addAll} as well, either providing your own implementation, or delegating to the
 * provided {@code standardAddAll} method.
 *

   * * It may be the request generated in response to an HTTP redirect or authentication
   *   challenge. In this case the request URL may be different than the initial request URL.
   *
   * Use the `request` of the [networkResponse] field to get the wire-level request that was
   * transmitted. In the case of follow-ups and redirects, also look at the `request` of the
   * [priorResponse] objects, which have its own [priorResponse].
   */

# HTTP Basic Auth { #http-basic-auth }

For the simplest cases, you can use HTTP Basic Auth.

In HTTP Basic Auth, the application expects a header that contains a username and a password.

If it doesn't receive it, it returns an HTTP 401 "Unauthorized" error.

And returns a header `WWW-Authenticate` with a value of `Basic`, and an optional `realm` parameter.

That tells the browser to show the integrated prompt for a username and password.