StackTraceElement[] originalStackTrace = exception.getStackTrace();
        assertNotNull(originalStackTrace);

        Throwable filled = exception.fillInStackTrace();
        assertSame(exception, filled);

        StackTraceElement[] newStackTrace = exception.getStackTrace();
        assertNotNull(newStackTrace);
    }

    @Test
    public void test_multipleInstances() {

    mock_dumps.assert_not_called()


def test_explicit_response_class_uses_json_dumps():
    """When response_class is explicitly set to JSONResponse, the normal path
    is used and json.dumps is called via JSONResponse.render()."""
    with patch(
        "starlette.responses.json.dumps", wraps=__import__("json").dumps
    ) as mock_dumps:
        response = client.get("/explicit")
    assert response.status_code == 200

func (s *Singleton[T]) IsSet() bool {
	select {
	case <-s.set:
		return true
	default:
		return false
	}
}

// Set the value and unblock all Get requests.
// This may only be called once, a second call will panic.
func (s *Singleton[T]) Set(v *T) {
	s.v = v
	close(s.set)

          finishLine(true);
          start = pos + 1;
          break;

        default:
          // do nothing
      }
    }
    line.append(cbuf, start, off + len - start);
  }

  /** Called when a line is complete. */
  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  private boolean finishLine(boolean sawNewline) throws IOException {
    String separator = sawReturn ? (sawNewline ? "\r\n" : "\r") : (sawNewline ? "\n" : "");

   *
   * <ul>
   *   <li>{@code null} initial state, nothing has happened.
   *   <li>{@link Cancellation} terminal state, {@code cancel} was called.
   *   <li>{@link Failure} terminal state, {@code setException} was called.
   *   <li>{@link DelegatingToFuture} intermediate state, {@code setFuture} was called.
   *   <li>{@link #NULL} terminal state, {@code set(null)} was called.

So, in a URL like:

```
https://example.com/items/foo
```

...the path would be:

```
/items/foo
```

/// info

A "path" is also commonly called an "endpoint" or a "route".

///

While building an API, the "path" is the main way to separate "concerns" and "resources".

#### Operation { #operation }

        assertEquals(expectedFlags, msrpcSamrOpenDomain.getFlags(), "flags should be initialized to DCERPC_FIRST_FRAG | DCERPC_LAST_FRAG");

        // Since SamrOpenDomain's constructor is called, we implicitly test that the arguments
        // are passed up. Mockito cannot directly verify super() calls without PowerMock,
        // which is not ideal for simple constructor tests.

    return [{"item_id": "Foo"}]


def use_route_names_as_operation_ids(app: FastAPI) -> None:
    """
    Simplify operation IDs so that generated API clients have simpler function
    names.

    Should be called only after all routes have been added.
    """
    for route in app.routes:
        if isinstance(route, APIRoute):
            route.operation_id = route.name  # in this case, 'read_items'

If we want to call asynchronous functions in our tests, our test functions have to be asynchronous. AnyIO provides a neat plugin for this, that allows us to specify that some test functions are to be called asynchronously.

## HTTPX { #httpx }

Even if your **FastAPI** application uses normal `def` functions instead of `async def`, it is still an `async` application underneath.

 *
 * <p>Another example is an iterator that skips over null elements in a backing iterator. This could
 * be implemented as:
 *
 * {@snippet :
 * public static Iterator<String> skipNulls(final Iterator<String> in) {
 *   return new AbstractIterator<String>() {
 *     protected String computeNext() {
 *       while (in.hasNext()) {
 *         String s = in.next();
 *         if (s != null) {
 *           return s;
 *         }
 *       }