Java8Compatibility.position(bytes, pos);
          hasher.putBytes(bytes);
        }
        return this;
      }

      @Override
      public Hasher putShort(short s) {
        for (Hasher hasher : hashers) {
          hasher.putShort(s);
        }
        return this;
      }

      @Override
      public Hasher putInt(int i) {

  Double generateDoubleObject() {
    return new Double(generateDouble());
  }

  @Generates
  short generateShort() {
    return (short) generateInt();
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("removal") // b/321209431 -- maybe just use valueOf here?
  @Generates
  Short generateShortObject() {
    return new Short(generateShort());
  }

  @Generates
  byte generateByte() {
    return (byte) generateInt();
  }

It's all based on standard **Python type** declarations (thanks to Pydantic). No new syntax to learn. Just standard modern Python.

If you need a 2 minute refresher of how to use Python types (even if you don't use FastAPI), check the short tutorial: [Python Types](python-types.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

You write standard Python with types:

```Python
from datetime import date

from pydantic import BaseModel

  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  public final Hasher putByte(byte b) {
    buffer.put(b);
    munchIfFull();
    return this;
  }

  @Override
  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  public final Hasher putShort(short s) {
    buffer.putShort(s);
    munchIfFull();
    return this;
  }

  @Override
  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  public final Hasher putChar(char c) {
    buffer.putChar(c);
    munchIfFull();

 *       SHORT is always discriminable from zero time, and always allows enough time for the small
 *       amounts of computation (creating a thread, calling a few methods, etc) needed to reach a
 *       timeout point. Similarly, a SMALL is always discriminable as larger than SHORT and smaller

      return bytes;
    }

    @Override
    boolean equalsSameBits(HashCode that) {
      // We don't use MessageDigest.isEqual() here because its contract does not guarantee
      // constant-time evaluation (no short-circuiting).
      if (this.bytes.length != that.getBytesInternal().length) {
        return false;
      }

      boolean areEqual = true;
      for (int i = 0; i < this.bytes.length; i++) {

* `Cookie()`
* `Body()`
* `Form()`
* `File()`

The keys of the `dict` identify each example, and each value is another `dict`.

Each specific example `dict` in the `examples` can contain:

* `summary`: Short description for the example.
* `description`: A long description that can contain Markdown text.
* `value`: This is the actual example shown, e.g. a `dict`.

   */
  @JvmStatic
  fun fragmentBuffer(buffer: Buffer): Buffer {
    // Write each byte into a new buffer, then clone it so that the segments are shared.
    // Shared segments cannot be compacted so we'll get a long chain of short segments.
    val result = Buffer()
    while (!buffer.exhausted()) {
      val box = Buffer()
      box.write(buffer, 1)
      result.write(box.copy(), 1)
    }
    return result
  }

    sink.putBytes(new byte[] {8});
    HashCode unused = sink.hash();
    sink.assertInvariants(8);
    sink.assertBytes(expected);
  }

  public void testShort() {
    Sink sink = new Sink(4);
    sink.putShort((short) 0x0201);
    HashCode unused = sink.hash();
    sink.assertInvariants(2);
    sink.assertBytes(new byte[] {1, 2, 0, 0}); // padded with zeros
  }

  public void testInt() {
    Sink sink = new Sink(4);

# Run a Server Manually

## Use the `fastapi run` Command

In short, use `fastapi run` to serve your FastAPI application:

<div class="termy">

```console
$ <font color="#4E9A06">fastapi</font> run <u style="text-decoration-style:single">main.py</u>
<font color="#3465A4">INFO    </font> Using path <font color="#3465A4">main.py</font>