) {
        return null
      }

      // If the path is absent or didn't start with '/', use the default path. It's a string like
      // '/foo/bar' for a URL like 'http://example.com/foo/bar/baz'. It always starts with '/'.
      if (path == null || !path.startsWith("/")) {
        val encodedPath = url.encodedPath
        val lastSlash = encodedPath.lastIndexOf('/')

  /**
   * Returns a specific media subtype, such as "plain" or "png", "mpeg", "mp4" or "xml".
   */
  @get:JvmName("subtype") val subtype: String,
  /** Alternating parameter names with their values, like `["charset", "utf-8"]`. */
  private val parameterNamesAndValues: Array<String>,
) {
  /**
   * Returns the charset of this media type, or [defaultValue] if either this media type doesn't

### Using Pydantic's `exclude_unset` parameter { #using-pydantics-exclude-unset-parameter }

If you want to receive partial updates, it's very useful to use the parameter `exclude_unset` in Pydantic's model's `.model_dump()`.

Like `item.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)`.

That would generate a `dict` with only the data that was set when creating the `item` model, excluding default values.

/** Basic sanity tests for classes in {@code common.base}. */

@GwtIncompatible
@NullUnmarked
public class PackageSanityTests extends AbstractPackageSanityTests {
  public PackageSanityTests() {
    // package private classes like FunctionalEquivalence are tested through the public API.
    publicApiOnly();
  }

 *
 * Browsers and other HTTP clients need a set of trusted root certificates to authenticate their
 * peers. Sets of root certificates are managed by either the HTTP client (like Firefox), or the
 * host platform (like Android). In July 2018 Android had 134 trusted root certificates for its HTTP
 * clients to trust.
 *
 * For example, in order to establish a secure connection to `https://www.squareup.com/`,

     <dependency>
       <groupId>com.squareup.okhttp</groupId>
       <artifactId>logging-interceptor</artifactId>
       <version>2.6.0</version>
     </dependency>
     ```

    Configure basic logging like this:

    ```java
    HttpLoggingInterceptor loggingInterceptor = new HttpLoggingInterceptor();
    loggingInterceptor.setLevel(HttpLoggingInterceptor.Level.BASIC);
    client.networkInterceptors().add(loggingInterceptor);

        try (InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(byteSource.openStream(), cs)) {
          CharStreams.copy(reader, sb);
        }
        return sb.toString();
      }
    },
    // It really seems like this should be faster than TO_BYTE_ARRAY_NEW_STRING.  But it just isn't
    // my best guess is that the jdk authors have spent more time optimizing that callpath than this

Blocking APIs may be inefficient because you hold a thread idle while waiting on the network. Threads are expensive because they have both a memory overhead and a context-switching overhead.

#### Framed protocols

For example, this model above declares a JSON "`object`" (or Python `dict`) like:

```JSON
{
    "name": "Foo",
    "description": "An optional description",
    "price": 45.2,
    "tax": 3.5
}
```

 * such as metadata requests and logout actions.
 */
public enum SsoResponseType {
    /**
     * Indicates a request for SSO metadata, which is typically used for
     * configuration and discovery in protocols like SAML.
     */
    METADATA,

    /**
     * Indicates a request to perform a logout operation, terminating the
     * user's SSO session.
     */
    LOGOUT;