```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+

```Python hl_lines="11  13-14"
{!> ../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004.py!}
```

////

* `description: Union[str, None] = None` (или `str | None = None` в Python 3.10), где `None` является значением по умолчанию.
* `tax: float = 10.5`, где `10.5` является значением по умолчанию.
* `tags: List[str] = []`, где пустой список `[]` является значением по умолчанию.

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):

  }

  public void testReload() throws ExecutionException {
    final Object one = new Object();
    final Object two = new Object();
    CacheLoader<Object, Object> loader =
        new CacheLoader<Object, Object>() {
          @Override
          public Object load(Object key) {
            return one;
          }

          @Override

# Puts new wheel through auditwheel to rename and verify it, deletes the old
# one, checks the filesize, and then ensures the new wheel is installable.
set -euxo pipefail

cd "$TFCI_OUTPUT_DIR"

# Move extra wheel files somewhere out of the way. This script
# expects just one wheel file to exist.
if [[ "$(ls *.whl | wc -l | tr -d ' ')" != "1" ]]; then
  echo "More than one wheel file is present: moving the oldest to"

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+

```Python hl_lines="11  13-14"
{!> ../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004.py!}
```

////

* `description: Union[str, None] = None` (oder `str | None = None` in Python 3.10) hat einen Defaultwert `None`.
* `tax: float = 10.5` hat einen Defaultwert `10.5`.
* `tags: List[str] = []` hat eine leere Liste als Defaultwert: `[]`.

     * @param severity The severity of the problem, must not be {@code null}.
     * @param message The detail message of the problem, may be {@code null}.
     * @param line The one-based index of the line containing the problem or {@code -1} if unknown.
     * @param column The one-based index of the column containing the problem or {@code -1} if unknown.
     * @param cause The cause of the problem, may be {@code null}.
     */

COMMIT
* raw
-N ISTIO_OUTPUT
-N ISTIO_PRERT
-A PREROUTING -j ISTIO_PRERT
-A OUTPUT -j ISTIO_OUTPUT
-A ISTIO_OUTPUT -p udp -m mark --mark 0x539/0xfff -m udp --dport 53 -j CT --zone 1
-A ISTIO_PRERT -p udp -m mark ! --mark 0x539/0xfff -m udp --sport 53 -j CT --zone 1

    assertMultimapEquals(ImmutableListMultimap.of("one", 1), "one", 1);
    assertMultimapEquals(ImmutableListMultimap.of("one", 1, "two", 2), "one", 1, "two", 2);
    assertMultimapEquals(
        ImmutableListMultimap.of("one", 1, "two", 2, "three", 3), "one", 1, "two", 2, "three", 3);
    assertMultimapEquals(
        ImmutableListMultimap.of("one", 1, "two", 2, "three", 3, "four", 4),
        "one",
        1,
        "two",
        2,

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="7"
{!> ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002_py310.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+

```Python hl_lines="9"
{!> ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002.py!}
```

////

In diesem Fall wird der Funktionsparameter `q` optional, und standardmäßig `None` sein.

/// check

    client = TestClient(app)
    return client


@needs_py310
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "path,headers,expected_status,expected_response",
    [
        ("/items", None, 200, {"X-Token values": None}),
        ("/items", {"x-token": "foo"}, 200, {"X-Token values": ["foo"]}),
        # TODO: fix this, is it a bug?