And then you also read how to handle [CORS with the `CORSMiddleware`](../tutorial/cors.md).

In this section we'll see how to use other middlewares.

## Adding ASGI middlewares { #adding-asgi-middlewares }

As **FastAPI** is based on Starlette and implements the <abbr title="Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface">ASGI</abbr> specification, you can use any ASGI middleware.

	rs := []rune(s)

	// According to s3 document, if startIdx < 1, it is set to 1.
	if startIdx < 1 {
		startIdx = 1
	}

	if startIdx > len(rs) {
		startIdx = len(rs) + 1
	}

	// StartIdx is 1-based in the input
	startIdx--
	endIdx := len(rs)
	if length != -1 {
		if length < 0 {
			return "", errInvalidSubstringIndexLen
		}

		if length > (endIdx - startIdx) {
			length = endIdx - startIdx

 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.google.common.base;

import com.google.caliper.BeforeExperiment;
import com.google.caliper.Benchmark;
import com.google.caliper.Param;
import java.util.BitSet;
import java.util.Random;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;

 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.google.common.testing;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
import static com.google.common.testing.NullPointerTester.isNullable;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtIncompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.J2ktIncompatible;

 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.google.common.io;

import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;

import com.google.common.base.Joiner;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.io.SourceSinkFactory.CharSinkFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.google.common.util.concurrent;

import static com.google.common.base.Verify.verify;
import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
import static com.google.common.util.concurrent.Futures.immediateFailedFuture;
import static com.google.common.util.concurrent.Futures.immediateFuture;

 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.google.common.base;

import com.google.caliper.BeforeExperiment;
import com.google.caliper.Benchmark;
import com.google.caliper.Param;
import java.util.BitSet;
import java.util.Random;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;

 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.google.common.collect;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.GwtIncompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.J2ktIncompatible;
import java.io.Serializable;

        cal.setTimeZone(MavenBuildTimestamp.DEFAULT_BUILD_TIME_ZONE);
        cal.set(Calendar.HOUR, 12);
        cal.set(Calendar.AM_PM, Calendar.AM);

        // just to make sure all the bases are covered...
        cal.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 0);
        cal.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 16);
        cal.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);
        cal.set(Calendar.YEAR, 1976);
        cal.set(Calendar.MONTH, Calendar.NOVEMBER);

	OptimizeEnv = "MINIO_STORAGE_CLASS_OPTIMIZE"
	// Inline block indicates the size of the shard
	// that is considered for inlining, remember this
	// shard value is the value per drive shard it
	// will vary based on the parity that is configured
	// for the STANDARD storage_class.
	// inlining means data and metadata are written
	// together in a single file i.e xl.meta
	InlineBlockEnv = "MINIO_STORAGE_CLASS_INLINE_BLOCK"