### Створіть

* Створіть файл `main.py` з:

```Python
from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```

<details markdown="1">

        FileSource source = new FileSource(txtFile);

        try (InputStream is = source.getInputStream();
                Scanner scanner = new Scanner(is)) {

            assertEquals("Hello World!", scanner.nextLine());
        }
    }

    @Test
    void testGetLocation() {
        File txtFile = new File("target/test-classes/source.txt");
        FileSource source = new FileSource(txtFile);

          .put("empty", "")
          .put("1 char", "0")
          .put("1 word", "hello")
          .put("2 words", "hello world")
          .put("\\n line break", "hello\nworld")
          .put("\\r line break", "hello\rworld")
          .put("\\r\\n line break", "hello\r\nworld")
          .put("\\n at EOF", "hello\nworld\n")
          .put("\\r at EOF", "hello\nworld\r")
          .put("lorem ipsum", LOREM_IPSUM)
          .buildOrThrow();

    assertThat(headersToList(response)).containsExactly("Cookie: a=android")
  }

  @Test
  fun regularResponse() {
    server.enqueue(MockResponse().setBody("hello world"))
    val url = server.url("/").toUrl()
    val connection = url.openConnection() as HttpURLConnection
    connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "en-US")
    val inputStream = connection.inputStream

    assertThat(headersToList(builder)).containsExactly("Cookie: a=android")
  }

  @Test
  fun regularResponse() {
    server.enqueue(MockResponse.Builder().body("hello world").build())
    val url = server.url("/").toUrl()
    val connection = url.openConnection() as HttpURLConnection
    connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "en-US")

	"github.com/minio/pkg/v3/certs"
)

func TestNewServer(t *testing.T) {
	nonLoopBackIP := getNonLoopBackIP(t)
	handler := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hello, world")
	})

	testCases := []struct {
		addrs   []string
		handler http.Handler
		certFn  certs.GetCertificateFunc
	}{
		{[]string{"127.0.0.1:9000"}, handler, nil},

```Python hl_lines="3"
import os

name = os.getenv("MY_NAME", "World")
print(f"Hello {name} from Python")
```

/// dica

O segundo parâmetro em <a href="https://docs.python.org/3.8/library/os.html#os.getenv" class="external-link" target="_blank">`os.getenv()`</a> é o valor padrão para o retorno.

Se nenhum valor for informado, `None` é utilizado por padrão, aqui definimos `"World"` como o valor padrão a ser utilizado.

///

Caching
=======

OkHttp implements an optional, off by default, Cache. OkHttp aims for RFC correct and
pragmatic caching behaviour, following common real-world browser like Firefox/Chrome and 
server behaviour when ambiguous.

# Basic Usage

```kotlin
  private val client: OkHttpClient = OkHttpClient.Builder()
      .cache(Cache(
          directory = File(application.cacheDir, "http_cache"),
          // $0.05 worth of phone storage in 2020

	c.Assert(response.ContentLength, int64(len([]byte("hello world"))))
	var buffer2 bytes.Buffer
	// retrieve the contents of response body.
	n, err := io.Copy(&buffer2, response.Body)
	c.Assert(err, nil)
	c.Assert(n, int64(len([]byte("hello world"))))
	// asserted the contents of the fetched object with the expected result.
	c.Assert(true, bytes.Equal(buffer2.Bytes(), []byte("hello world")))

          .put("empty", "")
          .put("1 char", "0")
          .put("1 word", "hello")
          .put("2 words", "hello world")
          .put("\\n line break", "hello\nworld")
          .put("\\r line break", "hello\rworld")
          .put("\\r\\n line break", "hello\r\nworld")
          .put("\\n at EOF", "hello\nworld\n")
          .put("\\r at EOF", "hello\nworld\r")
          .put("lorem ipsum", LOREM_IPSUM)
          .buildOrThrow();