),
    )
  }

  @Test
  fun `certificate attributes`() {
    val certificate =
      HeldCertificate
        .Builder()
        .certificateAuthority(3)
        .commonName("Jurassic Park")
        .organizationalUnit("Gene Research")
        .addSubjectAlternativeName("*.example.com")
        .addSubjectAlternativeName("www.example.org")
        .validityInterval(-1000L, 2000L)
        .serialNumber(17L)

<module>
<source path="">
  <!-- Hack to keep collect from hiding collect.testing supersource: -->
  <exclude name="**/testing/**"/>
</source>

<!--
    We used to set this only for packages that had manual supersource. That
    worked everywhere that I know of except for one place: when running the GWT
    util.concurrent tests under Guava.

    The problem is that GWT responds poorly to two .gwt.xml files in the same
    Java package; see

router_b.include_router(router=router_c, prefix="/c")
router_a.include_router(router=router_b, prefix="/b")
app.include_router(router=router_a, prefix="/a")


client = TestClient(app)


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "path,expected_status,expected_response",
    [
        ("/a", 200, {"msg": "A"}),
        ("/a/b", 200, {"msg": "B"}),
        ("/a/b/c", 200, {"msg": "C"}),
    ],
)

    ],
)
def get_client(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):
    mod = importlib.import_module(f"docs_src.dependencies.{request.param}")

    client = TestClient(mod.app)
    return client


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "path,expected_status,expected_response",
    [
        (
            "/query-checker/",
            200,
            {"fixed_content_in_query": False},
        ),
        (

您已经了解了如何使用 `TestClient` 测试 **FastAPI** 应用程序。但是到目前为止，您只了解了如何编写同步测试，而没有使用 `async` 异步函数。

在测试中能够使用异步函数可能会很有用，比如当您需要异步查询数据库的时候。想象一下，您想要测试向 FastAPI 应用程序发送请求，然后验证您的后端是否成功在数据库中写入了正确的数据，与此同时您使用了异步的数据库的库。

让我们看看如何才能实现这一点。

## pytest.mark.anyio

如果我们想在测试中调用异步函数，那么我们的测试函数必须是异步的。 AnyIO 为此提供了一个简洁的插件，它允许我们指定一些测试函数要异步调用。

## HTTPX

即使您的 **FastAPI** 应用程序使用普通的 `def` 函数而不是 `async def` ，它本质上仍是一个 `async` 异步应用程序。

<module>
<source path="">
  <!-- Hack to keep collect from hiding collect.testing supersource: -->
  <exclude name="**/testing/**"/>
</source>

<!--
    We used to set this only for packages that had manual supersource. That
    worked everywhere that I know of except for one place: when running the GWT
    util.concurrent tests under Guava.

    The problem is that GWT responds poorly to two .gwt.xml files in the same
    Java package; see

    ],
)
def get_client(request: pytest.FixtureRequest):
    mod = importlib.import_module(f"docs_src.response_model.{request.param}")

    client = TestClient(mod.app)
    return client


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "url,data",
    [
        ("/items/foo", {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.2}),
        (
            "/items/bar",
            {"name": "Bar", "description": "The bartenders", "price": 62, "tax": 20.2},

}

[data-termynal]:before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 15px;
    left: 15px;
    display: inline-block;
    width: 15px;
    height: 15px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    /* A little hack to display the window buttons in one pseudo element. */
    background: #d9515d;
    -webkit-box-shadow: 25px 0 0 #f4c025, 50px 0 0 #3ec930;
            box-shadow: 25px 0 0 #f4c025, 50px 0 0 #3ec930;
}

<module>
<source path="">
  <!-- Hack to keep collect from hiding collect.testing supersource: -->
  <exclude name="**/testing/**"/>
</source>

<!--
    We used to set this only for packages that had manual supersource. That
    worked everywhere that I know of except for one place: when running the GWT
    util.concurrent tests under Guava.

    The problem is that GWT responds poorly to two .gwt.xml files in the same
    Java package; see

package com.google.common.collect.testing;

import junit.framework.Test;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import junit.framework.TestSuite;

/**
 * Suite of tests for OpenJdk 6 tests. The existence of this class is a hack because the
 * suitebuilder won't pick up the suites directly in the other classes because they don't extend
 * TestCase. Ergh.
 *
 * @author Kevin Bourrillion
 */
@AndroidIncompatible // test-suite builders