// When
        String result = Hexdump.toHexString(data, offset, length);

        // Then
        assertNotNull(result);
        assertFalse(result.isEmpty());
        // Check starts with byte at offset 16 (0x10)
        assertTrue(result.startsWith("10111213"));
        assertEquals(64, result.length()); // 32 bytes * 2 chars per byte
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Should handle invalid offset and length parameters")

     */
    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test byte array fields (encryptionKey and guid)")
    public void testByteArrayFields() {
        // Test encryptionKey
        byte[] key = new byte[] { 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08 };
        serverData.encryptionKey = key;
        assertNotNull(serverData.encryptionKey);
        assertArrayEquals(key, serverData.encryptionKey);

        // Test with empty array

        assertEquals(0x8, SecurityInfo.SACL_SECURITY_INFO);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test LABEL_SECURITY_INFO constant value")
    void testLabelSecurityInfo() {
        assertEquals(0x10, SecurityInfo.LABEL_SECURITY_INFO);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test ATTRIBUTE_SECURITY_INFO constant value")
    void testAttributeSecurityInfo() {
        assertEquals(0x20, SecurityInfo.ATTRIBUTE_SECURITY_INFO);

    @Test
    @DisplayName("readULong correctly interprets little endian")
    void testReadULong() {
        byte[] a = new byte[] { (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x03, (byte) 0x04 };
        int result = NtlmMessage.readULong(a, 0);
        assertEquals(0x04030201, result, "ULong should be little‑endian");
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("readUShort correctly interprets little endian")

            policyHandle.uuid.clock_seq_hi_and_reserved = (byte) 0x44;
            policyHandle.uuid.clock_seq_low = (byte) 0x55;
            policyHandle.uuid.node = new byte[] { (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x03, (byte) 0x04, (byte) 0x05, (byte) 0x06 };

            when(mockNdrBuffer.derive(anyInt())).thenReturn(mockNdrBuffer);

            // When: Encoding the policy handle
            policyHandle.encode(mockNdrBuffer);

     */
    public static final byte SMB2_INDEX_SPECIFIED = 0x4;

    /**
     * Flag to reopen the directory enumeration.
     */
    public static final byte SMB2_REOPEN = 0x10;

    private byte fileInformationClass = FILE_BOTH_DIRECTORY_INFO;
    private byte queryFlags;
    private int fileIndex;
    private byte[] fileId;
    private final int outputBufferLength;

    @Test
    @DisplayName("readParameterWordsWireFormat with offset beyond buffer - throws exception")
    void testReadParameterWordsWithOffsetBeyondBuffer() {
        byte[] buffer = new byte[] { 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 };
        assertThrows(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> response.readParameterWordsWireFormat(buffer, 2) // Only 3 bytes available from offset 2
        );
    }

    @Test

    }

    /**
     * Test constructor with a malformed token.
     */
    @Test
    void testConstructorMalformed() {
        byte[] malformedToken = new byte[] { 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 };
        assertThrows(PACDecodingException.class, () -> new KerberosEncData(malformedToken, Collections.emptyMap()));
    }

    /**
     * Test constructor with an unknown field.
     *

     */
    public static final byte SMB_COM_DELETE_DIRECTORY = (byte) 0x01;

    /**
     * SMB command to close a file handle.
     */
    public static final byte SMB_COM_CLOSE = (byte) 0x04;

    /**
     * SMB command to delete a file.
     */
    public static final byte SMB_COM_DELETE = (byte) 0x06;

    /**
     * SMB command to rename a file.
     */

        .that(Arrays.equals(expected, actual))
        .isTrue();
  }

  public void testToByteArray() {
    assertByteArrayEquals(
        new byte[] {0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17, 0x18, 0x19},
        Longs.toByteArray(0x1213141516171819L));
    assertByteArrayEquals(
        new byte[] {
          (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xEE, (byte) 0xDD, (byte) 0xCC,