// Test constructor with null message
        PluginException exception = new PluginException(null);

        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertNull(exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    public void test_constructor_withNullMessageAndCause() {
        // Test constructor with null message and null cause

        // Test constructor with message only
        String message = "SSO login failed";
        SsoLoginException exception = new SsoLoginException(message);

        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    public void test_constructor_withMessageAndCause() {
        // Test constructor with message and cause

     * When a term starts with this prefix, it is treated as a regular expression
     * pattern rather than an exact match term.
     */
    protected String regexPrefix = "regex:";

    /**
     * Placeholder string used in regex-based related content templates.
     * This placeholder is replaced with the actual search query when
     * a regex pattern matches the query.
     */

        // Test delete with non-existent index
        SuggestUtil.deleteByQuery(client, settings, "nonexistent_index", QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery());
    }

    @Test
    public void testDeleteScrollContext() {
        // Test with null scrollId (should not throw exception)
        SuggestUtil.deleteScrollContext(client, null);

        // Test with non-null scrollId
        String scrollId = "test_scroll_id";

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

public class AvFlagsTest {

    /**
     * Test constructor with raw bytes.
     */
    @Test
    void testAvFlagsByteArrayConstructor() {
        // Test with a positive integer
        byte[] rawBytes = new byte[] { 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 }; // Represents 0x04030201 (little-endian)
        AvFlags avFlags = new AvFlags(rawBytes);

* The same with `app/routers/users.py`, it's another submodule: `app.routers.users`.
* There's also a subdirectory `app/internal/` with another file `__init__.py`, so it's another "Python subpackage": `app.internal`.
* And the file `app/internal/admin.py` is another submodule: `app.internal.admin`.

<img src="/img/tutorial/bigger-applications/package.drawio.svg">

The same file structure with comments:

```
.

  @Override
  SortedMap<K, V> create(Object... elements);

  /**
   * Returns an entry with a key less than the keys of the {@link #samples()} and less than the key
   * of {@link #belowSamplesGreater()}.
   */
  Entry<K, V> belowSamplesLesser();

  /**
   * Returns an entry with a key less than the keys of the {@link #samples()} but greater than the
   * key of {@link #belowSamplesLesser()}.
   */

    /**
     *
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -4591854684249021395L;

    /**
     * Constructs a new SpnegoException with no detail message
     */
    public SpnegoException() {
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a new SpnegoException with the specified detail message and cause
     * @param message the detail message
     * @param cause the cause of this exception
     */

    UnicodeEscaper spaceEscaper = new PercentEscaper(" ", false);

    assertEquals("string%20with%20spaces", basicEscaper.escape("string with spaces"));
    assertEquals("string+with+spaces", plusForSpaceEscaper.escape("string with spaces"));
    assertEquals("string with spaces", spaceEscaper.escape("string with spaces"));
  }

  /** Tests that if we add extra 'safe' characters they remain unescaped */
  public void testCustomEscaper() {

**FastAPI** provides several tools to help you deal with **Security** easily, rapidly, in a standard way, without having to study and learn all the security specifications.

But first, let's check some small concepts.

## In a hurry? { #in-a-hurry }

If you don't care about any of these terms and you just need to add security with authentication based on username and password *right now*, skip to the next chapters.