public void test_throwAndCatchWithCause() {
        // Test throwing and catching PluginException with cause
        String expectedMessage = "Plugin configuration error";
        Throwable expectedCause = new IllegalStateException("Invalid state");

        try {
            throw new PluginException(expectedMessage, expectedCause);
        } catch (PluginException e) {
            assertEquals(expectedMessage, e.getMessage());

          .put(ExecutionException.class, e -> e instanceof ExecutionException)
          .put(IllegalArgumentException.class, e -> e instanceof IllegalArgumentException)
          .put(IllegalStateException.class, e -> e instanceof IllegalStateException)
          .put(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, e -> e instanceof IndexOutOfBoundsException)
          .put(NoSuchElementException.class, e -> e instanceof NoSuchElementException)

                case STRING_ITEM -> 1;
                case COMBINATION_ITEM -> 1; // 1.1 > 1-sp

                case LIST_ITEM -> 1; // 1.1 > 1-1

                default -> throw new IllegalStateException("invalid item: " + item.getClass());
            };
        }

        @Override
        public boolean equals(Object o) {
            if (this == o) {
                return true;
            }

          directExecutor());
    } else {
      switch (state.get()) {
        case SUBSUMED:
          throw new IllegalStateException(
              "Cannot call finishToFuture() after deriving another step");

        case WILL_CREATE_VALUE_AND_CLOSER:
          throw new IllegalStateException(
              "Cannot call finishToFuture() after calling finishToValueAndCloser()");

        case WILL_CLOSE:

    // The first time, the sneakily-thrown exception comes out
    assertThrows(SomeCheckedException.class, iter::hasNext);
    // But the second time, AbstractIterator itself throws an ISE
    assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, iter::hasNext);
  }

  public void testException() {
    SomeUncheckedException exception = new SomeUncheckedException();
    Iterator<Integer> iter =
        new AbstractIterator<Integer>() {

    assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> hasher.putInt(42));
  }

  public void testHashTwice() {
    Hasher hasher = Hashing.hmacMd5(MD5_KEY).newHasher();

    assertEquals(
        "9753980fe94daa8ecaa82216519393a9",
        hasher.putString("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog", UTF_8).hash().toString());
    assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () -> hasher.hash());
  }

    @DisplayName("Message+Cause ctor: propagates message/cause and unsuccessful status")
    void messageAndCauseConstructor_setsMessageCause_andUnsuccessfulStatus(String msg) {
        // Arrange
        Throwable cause = new IllegalStateException("root cause");

        // Act
        SMBSignatureValidationException ex = new SMBSignatureValidationException(msg, cause);

        // Assert
        if (msg == null) {

    }

    public void test_nestedExceptions() {
        // Test nested exception handling
        Exception level3 = new RuntimeException("Level 3 error");
        Exception level2 = new IllegalStateException("Level 2 error", level3);
        Exception level1 = new IOException("Level 1 error", level2);
        SsoLoginException exception = new SsoLoginException("Top level SSO error", level1);

            return OptionalThing.ofNullable(subject, () -> {
                throw new IllegalStateException("Subject not found");
            });
        }

        @Override
        public OptionalThing<String> getSavedPlainText() {
            return OptionalThing.ofNullable(plainText, () -> {
                throw new IllegalStateException("Plain text not found");
            });
        }

        @Override

    assertFalse(range.hasLowerBound());
    try {
      range.lowerEndpoint();
      fail();
    } catch (IllegalStateException expected) {
    }
    try {
      range.lowerBoundType();
      fail();
    } catch (IllegalStateException expected) {
    }
  }

  private static void assertUnboundedAbove(Range<Integer> range) {
    assertFalse(range.hasUpperBound());
    try {