它也是最早能以 JSON 產出自訂結構、描述整個 API 的框架之一。

它不是基於 OpenAPI 與 JSON Schema 等標準。因此，與其他工具（如 Swagger UI）的整合並不直覺。但它仍是一個非常創新的想法。

它有個有趣、少見的功能：同一個框架可同時建立 API 與 CLI。

由於它基於同步 Python 網頁框架的舊標準（WSGI），無法處理 WebSocket 與其他功能，儘管效能仍然很高。

/// info

Hug 由 Timothy Crosley 創建，他同時也是 [`isort`](https://github.com/timothycrosley/isort) 的作者，一個自動排序 Python 匯入的好工具。

///

/// check | 啟發 **FastAPI** 的想法

# WebSockets testen { #testing-websockets }

Sie können denselben `TestClient` zum Testen von WebSockets verwenden.

Dazu verwenden Sie den `TestClient` in einer `with`-Anweisung, eine Verbindung zum WebSocket herstellend:

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002_py310.py hl[27:31] *}

/// note | Hinweis

Weitere Informationen finden Sie in Starlettes Dokumentation zum [Testen von WebSockets](https://www.starlette.dev/testclient/#testing-websocket-sessions).

# Tester les WebSockets { #testing-websockets }

Vous pouvez utiliser le même `TestClient` pour tester les WebSockets.

Pour cela, vous utilisez `TestClient` dans une instruction `with`, en vous connectant au WebSocket :

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002_py310.py hl[27:31] *}

/// note | Remarque

Pour plus de détails, consultez la documentation de Starlette sur le [test des WebSockets](https://www.starlette.dev/testclient/#testing-websocket-sessions).

# WebSockets'i Test Etmek { #testing-websockets }

WebSockets'i test etmek için aynı `TestClient`'ı kullanabilirsiniz.

Bunun için `TestClient`'ı bir `with` ifadesinde kullanarak WebSocket'e bağlanırsınız:

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002_py310.py hl[27:31] *}

/// note | Not

Daha fazla detay için Starlette'in [WebSockets'i test etme](https://www.starlette.dev/testclient/#testing-websocket-sessions) dokümantasyonuna bakın.

It is very simple and intuitive. It's designed to be easily extensible, and have modular components.

It has:

* Seriously impressive performance.
* WebSocket support.
* In-process background tasks.
* Startup and shutdown events.
* Test client built on HTTPX.
* CORS, GZip, Static Files, Streaming responses.
* Session and Cookie support.
* 100% test coverage.

- Adds the ExtendWebSocketsToKubelet feature gate (Beta, default true in v1.36). When enabled, the API server proxies WebSocket exec/attach/portforward requests directly to the kubelet rather than translating or tunneling them at the API server. The kubelet now handles WebSocket-to-SPDY stream translation (exec/attach) and WebSocket tunneling (portforward) using the same handlers previously used at the API server. The kubelet advertises support for this feature to the API...

OpenAPIやJSON Schemaのような標準に基づいたものではありませんでした。そのため、Swagger UIのような他のツールと統合するのは簡単ではありませんでした。しかし、繰り返しになりますが、これは非常に革新的なアイデアでした。

同じフレームワークを使ってAPIとCLIを作成できる、面白く珍しい機能を持っています。

以前のPythonの同期型Webフレームワーク標準 (WSGI) をベースにしているため、Websocketなどは扱えませんが、それでも高性能です。

/// info | 情報

HugはTimothy Crosleyにより作成されました。彼は[`isort`](https://github.com/timothycrosley/isort)など、Pythonのファイル内のインポートの並び替えを自動的におこうなう素晴らしいツールの開発者です。

///

func (l EndpointServerPools) NEndpoints() (count int) {
	for _, ep := range l {
		count += len(ep.Endpoints)
	}
	return count
}

// GridHosts will return all peers, including local.
// in websocket grid compatible format, The local peer
// is returned as a separate string.
func (l EndpointServerPools) GridHosts() (gridHosts []string, gridLocal string) {
	seenHosts := set.NewStringSet()
	for _, ep := range l {

complements the original file-based storage and allows integration with multiple KMS. A Google Cloud KMS plugin was added and will be usable once the Google side of the integration is complete.

* Websocket requests may now authenticate to the API server by passing a bearer token in a websocket subprotocol of the form `base64url.bearer.authorization.k8s.io.<base64url-encoded-bearer-token>`. ([#47740](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/47740), [@liggitt](https://github.com/liggitt))...

 *  Upgrade: [Okio 3.16.1][okio_3_16_1].


## Version 5.2.0

_2025-10-07_

 *  New: Support [HTTP 101] responses with `Response.socket`. This mechanism is only supported on
    HTTP/1.1. We also reimplemented our websocket client to use this new mechanism.

 *  New: The `okhttp-zstd` module negotiates [Zstandard (zstd)][zstd] compression with servers that