# Background Tasks { #background-tasks }

You can define background tasks to be run *after* returning a response.

This is useful for operations that need to happen after a request, but that the client doesn't really have to be waiting for the operation to complete before receiving the response.

This includes, for example:

* Email notifications sent after performing an action:

		// the 'for=', which we ignore, subsequently we proceed to look for
		// 'proto=' which should precede right after `for=` if not
		// we simply ignore the values and return empty. This is in line
		// with the approach we took for returning first ip from multiple
		// params.
		if match := forRegex.FindStringSubmatch(proto); len(match) > 1 {
			if match = protoRegex.FindStringSubmatch(match[2]); len(match) > 1 {
				scheme = strings.ToLower(match[2])
			}

	}
	return etag, nil
}

// Parse parses s as an S3 ETag, returning the result.
// The string can be an encrypted, singlepart
// or multipart S3 ETag. It returns an error if s is
// not a valid textual representation of an ETag.
func Parse(s string) (ETag, error) {
	const strict = false
	return parse(s, strict)
}

// parse parse s as an S3 ETag, returning the result.
// It operates in one of two modes:
//   - strict

Before diving deeper into the **Dependency Injection** system, let's upgrade the previous example.

## A `dict` from the previous example { #a-dict-from-the-previous-example }

In the previous example, we were returning a `dict` from our dependency ("dependable"):

{* ../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001_an_py310.py hl[9] *}

But then we get a `dict` in the parameter `commons` of the *path operation function*.

   * map does not support {@code setValue()} on its entries, {@code put}, or {@code putAll}.
   *
   * <p>When passed a key that is present in the map, {@code asMap().get(Object)} has the same
   * behavior as {@link #get}, returning a live collection. When passed a key that is not present,
   * however, {@code asMap().get(Object)} returns {@code null} instead of an empty collection.
   *

			if data[i] == ',' {
				return i + 1, data[:i], nil
			}
		}
		if !atEOF {
			return 0, nil, nil
		}
		// There is one final token to be delivered, which may be the empty string.
		// Returning bufio.ErrFinalToken here tells Scan there are no more tokens after this
		// but does not trigger an error to be returned from Scan itself.
		return 0, data, bufio.ErrFinalToken
	}
	scanner.Split(onComma)
	// Scan.

                        result.acceptedApiChanges.push(correction);
                    });
                    // Sort the array in place by type, then member
                    // Note that Firefox is fine with a sort function returning any positive or negative number, but Chrome 
                    // requires 1 or -1 specifically and ignores higher or lower values.  This sort ought to remain consistent

      @Override
      T transform(@ParametricNullness F from) {
        return function.apply(from);
      }
    };
  }

  /**
   * Advances {@code iterator} {@code position + 1} times, returning the element at the {@code
   * position}th position.
   *
   * @param position position of the element to return
   * @return the element at the specified position in {@code iterator}

    ListeningExecutorService service = listeningDecorator(newDirectExecutorService());
    assertSame(service, listeningDecorator(service));
    List<Callable<String>> callables = ImmutableList.of(Callables.returning("x"));
    List<Future<String>> results;

    results = service.invokeAll(callables);
    assertThat(getOnlyElement(results)).isInstanceOf(TrustedListenableFutureTask.class);

   */

  @CollectionFeature.Require(SUPPORTS_REMOVE)
  @CollectionSize.Require(ZERO)
  public void testRetainAll_nullCollectionReferenceEmptySubject() {
    try {
      collection.retainAll(null);
      // Returning successfully is not ideal, but tolerated.
    } catch (NullPointerException tolerated) {
    }
  }

  @CollectionFeature.Require(SUPPORTS_REMOVE)
  @CollectionSize.Require(absent = ZERO)