bufferIndex += stringWireLength(this.nativeFileSystem, bufferIndex);
                }
            } catch (final Exception e) {
                // Ignore errors - some servers don't properly return this field
                // Keep the default empty string value
            }
        }

        return bufferIndex - start;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {

        assertTrue(exception instanceof Exception);
        assertTrue(exception instanceof Throwable);
    }

    @Test
    public void test_stackTrace() {
        // Test that stack trace is generated properly
        LdapConfigurationException exception = new LdapConfigurationException("Stack trace test");

        StackTraceElement[] stackTrace = exception.getStackTrace();
        assertNotNull(stackTrace);

new_app = UnicornMiddleware(app, some_config="rainbow")
```

But FastAPI (actually Starlette) provides a simpler way to do it that makes sure that the internal middlewares handle server errors and custom exception handlers work properly.

For that, you use `app.add_middleware()` (as in the example for CORS).

```Python
from fastapi import FastAPI
from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware

app = FastAPI()

"""Test using special types (Response, Request, BackgroundTasks) as dependency annotations.

These tests verify that special FastAPI types can be used with Depends() annotations
and that the dependency injection system properly handles them.
"""

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import BackgroundTasks, Depends, FastAPI, Request, Response
from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

		cause:      err,
	}
}

func errTruncatedInput(err error) *s3Error {
	return &s3Error{
		code:       "TruncatedInput",
		message:    "Object decompression failed. Check that the object is properly compressed using the format specified in the request.",
		statusCode: 400,
		cause:      err,
	}

            assertEquals(expectedCause, e.getCause());
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void test_stackTrace() {
        // Test that stack trace is properly set
        PluginException exception = new PluginException("Stack trace test");

        assertNotNull(exception.getStackTrace());
        assertTrue(exception.getStackTrace().length > 0);

        /* Note there's a signedness error here because 0xC0000000 based values are
         * negative so it with NT_STATUS_SUCCESS (0) the binary search will not be
         * performed properly. The effect is that the code at index 1 is never found
         * (NT_STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL). So here we factor out NT_STATUS_SUCCESS
         * as a special case (which it is).
         */
        if (errcode == 0) {

        assertTrue(result.contains("quotes"));
        assertTrue(result.contains("content"));
        assertTrue(result.contains("newlines"));
        assertTrue(result.contains("tabs"));
        // JSON should be properly escaped
        assertTrue(result.contains("Test"));
    }

    @Test
    public void test_toSlackMessage_withWhitespaceContent() {
        MockSMailPostingDiscloser discloser = new MockSMailPostingDiscloser();

    }

    // Test property not found exception
    @Test
    public void test_propertyNotFound() {
        try {
            fessConfig.get("non.existent.property");
            fail("Should throw ConfigPropertyNotFoundException");
        } catch (ConfigPropertyNotFoundException e) {
            assertEquals("non.existent.property", e.getMessage());
        }
    }

        assertNotNull(deserialized);
        assertNull(deserialized.getMessage());
        assertNull(deserialized.getCause());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_stackTrace() {
        // Test that stack trace is properly maintained
        DictionaryExpiredException exception = new DictionaryExpiredException();
        StackTraceElement[] stackTrace = exception.getStackTrace();

        assertNotNull(stackTrace);