}
        int byte2 = bytes[index++];
        if (byte2 > (byte) 0xBF
            // Overlong? 5 most significant bits must not all be zero.
            || (byte1 == (byte) 0xE0 && byte2 < (byte) 0xA0)
            // Check for illegal surrogate codepoints.
            || (byte1 == (byte) 0xED && (byte) 0xA0 <= byte2)
            // Third byte trailing-byte test.
            || bytes[index++] > (byte) 0xBF) {
          return false;

// javadoc?
@GwtCompatible
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
public final class Bytes {
  private Bytes() {}

  /**
   * Returns a hash code for {@code value}; equal to the result of invoking {@code ((Byte)
   * value).hashCode()}.
   *
   * <p><b>Java 8+ users:</b> use {@link Byte#hashCode(byte)} instead.
   *
   * @param value a primitive {@code byte} value
   * @return a hash code for the value
   */

	return Map(c.ToTitle, s)
}

// ToValidUTF8 treats s as UTF-8-encoded bytes and returns a copy with each run of bytes
// representing invalid UTF-8 replaced with the bytes in replacement, which may be empty.
func ToValidUTF8(s, replacement []byte) []byte {
	b := make([]byte, 0, len(s)+len(replacement))
	invalid := false // previous byte was from an invalid UTF-8 sequence
	for i := 0; i < len(s); {

              0x13579bdf,
              null,
              "df9b5713"),
          new ExpectedHashCode(
              new byte[] {(byte) 0xcd, (byte) 0xab, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00},
              0x0000abcd,
              null,
              "cdab0000"),
          new ExpectedHashCode(
              new byte[] {
                (byte) 0xef, (byte) 0xcd, (byte) 0xab, (byte) 0x00,

              0x13579bdf,
              null,
              "df9b5713"),
          new ExpectedHashCode(
              new byte[] {(byte) 0xcd, (byte) 0xab, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00},
              0x0000abcd,
              null,
              "cdab0000"),
          new ExpectedHashCode(
              new byte[] {
                (byte) 0xef, (byte) 0xcd, (byte) 0xab, (byte) 0x00,

    // Write the tagClass, tag, and constructed bit. This takes 1 byte if tag is less than 31.
    if (tag < 31) {
      val byte0 = tagClass or constructedBit or tag.toInt()
      sink.writeByte(byte0)
    } else {
      val byte0 = tagClass or constructedBit or 0b0001_1111
      sink.writeByte(byte0)
      writeVariableLengthLong(tag)
    }

    // Write the length. This takes 1 byte if length is less than 128.
    val length = content.size

        // Compare the bytes. Note that the file stores UTF-8 encoded bytes, so we must compare the
        // unsigned bytes.
        var compareResult: Int
        var currentLabelIndex = labelIndex
        var currentLabelByteIndex = 0
        var publicSuffixByteIndex = 0

        var expectDot = false
        while (true) {
          val byte0: Int
          if (expectDot) {

    // TODO(jwilson): detect overflow.
    var result = 0L
    while (true) {
      val byteN = source.readByte().toLong() and 0xff
      if ((byteN and 0b1000_0000L) == 0b1000_0000L) {
        result = (result + (byteN and 0b0111_1111)) shl 7
      } else {
        return result + byteN
      }
    }
  }

  /** Read a value as bytes without interpretation of its contents. */
  fun readUnknown(): ByteString {

                new byte[] {(byte) 2, (byte) 3, (byte) 4}))
        .isEqualTo(2);
    assertThat(
            Bytes.indexOf(
                new byte[] {(byte) 2, (byte) 2, (byte) 3, (byte) 4, (byte) 2, (byte) 3, (byte) 4},
                new byte[] {(byte) 2, (byte) 3, (byte) 4}))
        .isEqualTo(1);
    assertThat(
            Bytes.indexOf(
                new byte[] {(byte) 4, (byte) 3, (byte) 2},

                new byte[] {(byte) 2, (byte) 3, (byte) 4}))
        .isEqualTo(2);
    assertThat(
            Bytes.indexOf(
                new byte[] {(byte) 2, (byte) 2, (byte) 3, (byte) 4, (byte) 2, (byte) 3, (byte) 4},
                new byte[] {(byte) 2, (byte) 3, (byte) 4}))
        .isEqualTo(1);
    assertThat(
            Bytes.indexOf(
                new byte[] {(byte) 4, (byte) 3, (byte) 2},