These functions are there (instead of just using the classes directly) so that your editor doesn't mark errors about their types.

        )
        file_name = getattr(route.endpoint, "__globals__", {}).get("__file__")
        if file_name:
            message += f" at {file_name}"
        warnings.warn(message, stacklevel=1)
    operation_ids.add(operation_id)
    operation["operationId"] = operation_id
    if route.deprecated:
        operation["deprecated"] = route.deprecated
    return operation


def get_openapi_path(
    *,

RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt

COPY ./app /code/app

CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"]

# If running behind a proxy like Nginx or Traefik add --proxy-headers
# CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80", "--proxy-headers"]
```

</details>

## ⚫️❔ 📦

    @app.post("/send-notification/{email}")
    async def send_notification(email: str, background_tasks: BackgroundTasks):
        background_tasks.add_task(write_notification, email, message="some notification")
        return {"message": "Notification sent in the background"}
    ```
    """

    def add_task(
        self,
        func: Annotated[
            Callable[P, Any],
            Doc(
                """

RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r /code/requirements.txt

COPY ./app /code/app

CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"]

# If running behind a proxy like Nginx or Traefik add --proxy-headers
# CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80", "--proxy-headers"]
```

</details>

## コンテナとは何か

    assert response.status_code == 400, response.text


# TODO: pv2 add version with Pydantic v2
@needs_pydanticv1
def test_get_user(client):
    response = client.get("/users/1")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    data = response.json()
    assert "email" in data
    assert "id" in data


# TODO: pv2 add version with Pydantic v2
@needs_pydanticv1
def test_nonexistent_user(client):

    if q:
        message = f"found query: {q}\n"
        background_tasks.add_task(write_log, message)
    return q


@app.post("/send-notification/{email}")
async def send_notification(
    email: str, background_tasks: BackgroundTasks, q: Annotated[str, Depends(get_query)]
):
    message = f"message to {email}\n"
    background_tasks.add_task(write_log, message)

    db.add(db_user)
    db.commit()
    db.refresh(db_user)
    return db_user


def get_items(db: Session, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100):
    return db.query(models.Item).offset(skip).limit(limit).all()


def create_user_item(db: Session, item: schemas.ItemCreate, user_id: int):
    db_item = models.Item(**item.dict(), owner_id=user_id)
    db.add(db_item)
    db.commit()

```Python hl_lines="6-9"
{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!}
```

## Add the background task

Inside of your *path operation function*, pass your task function to the *background tasks* object with the method `.add_task()`:

```Python hl_lines="14"
{!../../../docs_src/background_tasks/tutorial001.py!}
```

`.add_task()` receives as arguments:

* A task function to be run in the background (`write_notification`).

```

但 FastAPI（实际上是 Starlette）提供了一种更简单的方式，能让内部中间件在处理服务器错误的同时，还能让自定义异常处理器正常运作。

为此，要使用 `app.add_middleware()` （与 CORS 中的示例一样）。

```Python
from fastapi import FastAPI
from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware

app = FastAPI()

app.add_middleware(UnicornMiddleware, some_config="rainbow")
```

`app.add_middleware()` 的第一个参数是中间件的类，其它参数则是要传递给中间件的参数。

## 集成中间件

**FastAPI** 为常见用例提供了一些中间件，下面介绍怎么使用这些中间件。