而且你还可以声明数值校验：

* `gt`：大于（`g`reater `t`han）
* `ge`：大于等于（`g`reater than or `e`qual）
* `lt`：小于（`l`ess `t`han）
* `le`：小于等于（`l`ess than or `e`qual）

!!! info
    `Query`、`Path` 以及你后面会看到的其他类继承自一个共同的 `Param` 类（不需要直接使用它）。

    而且它们都共享相同的所有你已看到并用于添加额外校验和元数据的参数。

!!! note "技术细节"
    当你从 `fastapi` 导入 `Query`、`Path` 和其他同类对象时，它们实际上是函数。

    当被调用时，它们返回同名类的实例。

    如此，你导入 `Query` 这个函数。当你调用它时，它将返回一个同样命名为 `Query` 的类的实例。

E você também pode declarar validações numéricas:

* `gt`: maior que (`g`reater `t`han)
* `ge`: maior que ou igual (`g`reater than or `e`qual)
* `lt`: menor que (`l`ess `t`han)
* `le`: menor que ou igual (`l`ess than or `e`qual)

!!! info "Informação"
    `Query`, `Path` e outras classes que você verá a frente são subclasses de uma classe comum `Param`.

✋️ ⚫️ 🚫 ✔️ `id` 🏑.

👥 ✍ 🆕 `dict`, 👈 🔌 🔑-💲 👫 ⚪️➡️ `note.dict()` ⏮️:

```Python
{**note.dict()}
```

`**note.dict()` "unpacks" the key value pairs directly, so, `{**note.dict()}` would be, more or less, a copy of `note.dict()`.

& ⤴️, 👥 ↔ 👈 📁 `dict`, ❎ ➕1️⃣ 🔑-💲 👫: `"id": last_record_id`:

```Python
{**note.dict(), "id": last_record_id}
```

, 🏁 🏁 📨 🔜 🕳 💖:

```Python
{

# SQL (Relational) Databases

!!! info
    These docs are about to be updated. 🎉

    The current version assumes Pydantic v1, and SQLAlchemy versions less than 2.0.

    The new docs will include Pydantic v2 and will use <a href="https://sqlmodel.tiangolo.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">SQLModel</a> (which is also based on SQLAlchemy) once it is updated to use Pydantic v2 as well.

**FastAPI** doesn't require you to use a SQL (relational) database.

* **Intuitive**: Great editor support. <abbr title="also known as auto-complete, autocompletion, IntelliSense">Completion</abbr> everywhere. Less time debugging.
* **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs.
* **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Fewer bugs.

* **Intuitive**: Great editor support. <abbr title="also known as auto-complete, autocompletion, IntelliSense">Completion</abbr> everywhere. Less time debugging.
* **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs.
* **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Fewer bugs.

            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
                exclude fields set to `None`.

                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values

### `UJSONResponse`

An alternative JSON response using <a href="https://github.com/ultrajson/ultrajson" class="external-link" target="_blank">`ujson`</a>.

!!! warning
    `ujson` is less careful than Python's built-in implementation in how it handles some edge-cases.

```Python hl_lines="2  7"
{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! tip

А также вы можете добавить валидацию числовых данных:

* `gt`: больше (`g`reater `t`han)
* `ge`: больше или равно (`g`reater than or `e`qual)
* `lt`: меньше (`l`ess `t`han)
* `le`: меньше или равно (`l`ess than or `e`qual)

!!! info "Информация"
    `Query`, `Path` и другие классы, которые мы разберём позже, являются наследниками общего класса `Param`.

Pydantic version 2 has the **core** re-written in **Rust** and includes a lot of improvements and features, for example:

* Improved **correctness** in corner cases.
* **Safer** types.
* Better **performance** and **less energy** consumption.
* Better **extensibility**.
* etc.

...all this while keeping the **same Python API**. In most of the cases, for simple models, you can simply upgrade the Pydantic version and get all the benefits. 🚀