from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile

app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/files/")
async def create_file(file: Annotated[Union[bytes, None], File()] = None):
    if not file:
        return {"message": "No file sent"}
    else:
        return {"file_size": len(file)}


@app.post("/uploadfile/")
async def create_upload_file(file: Union[UploadFile, None] = None):
    if not file:

`secrets.compare_digest()` 💪 ✊ `bytes` ⚖️ `str` 👈 🕴 🔌 🔠 🦹 (🕐 🇪🇸), 👉 ⛓ ⚫️ 🚫🔜 👷 ⏮️ 🦹 💖 `á`, `Sebastián`.

🍵 👈, 👥 🥇 🗜 `username` & `password` `bytes` 🔢 👫 ⏮️ 🔠-8️⃣.

⤴️ 👥 💪 ⚙️ `secrets.compare_digest()` 🚚 👈 `credentials.username` `"stanleyjobson"`, & 👈 `credentials.password` `"swordfish"`.

`secrets.compare_digest()` needs to take `bytes` or a `str` that only contains ASCII characters (the ones in English), this means it wouldn't work with characters like `á`, as in `Sebastián`.

To handle that, we first convert the `username` and `password` to `bytes` encoding them with UTF-8.

from typing import List

from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile
from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse

app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/files/")
async def create_files(files: List[bytes] = File()):
    return {"file_sizes": [len(file) for file in files]}


@app.post("/uploadfiles/")
async def create_upload_files(files: List[UploadFile]):
    return {"filenames": [file.filename for file in files]}


@app.get("/")

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile
from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse

app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/files/")
async def create_files(files: Annotated[list[bytes], File()]):
    return {"file_sizes": [len(file) for file in files]}


@app.post("/uploadfiles/")
async def create_upload_files(files: list[UploadFile]):
    return {"filenames": [file.filename for file in files]}

from typing import Set, Tuple


def process_items(items_t: Tuple[int, int, str], items_s: Set[bytes]):

```

In this example, we didn't declare any Pydantic model. In fact, the request body is not even <abbr title="converted from some plain format, like bytes, into Python objects">parsed</abbr> as JSON, it is read directly as `bytes`, and the function `magic_data_reader()` would be in charge of parsing it in some way.

Nevertheless, we can declare the expected schema for the request body.

    assert response.json() == {"message": "No upload file sent"}


@needs_py310
def test_post_file(tmp_path: Path, client: TestClient):
    path = tmp_path / "test.txt"
    path.write_bytes(b"<file content>")

    with path.open("rb") as file:
        response = client.post("/files/", files={"file": file})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"file_size": 14}

        * Bei Responses wird das `set` in eine `list`e umgewandelt.
        * Das generierte Schema zeigt an, dass die `set`-Werte eindeutig sind (unter Verwendung von JSON Schemas `uniqueItems`).
* `bytes`:
    * Standard-Python-`bytes`.
    * In Requests und Responses werden sie als `str` behandelt.
    * Das generierte Schema wird anzeigen, dass es sich um einen `str` mit `binary` „Format“ handelt.
* `Decimal`:

* `frozenset`:
    * 在请求和响应中，作为 `set` 对待：
        * 在请求中，列表将被读取，消除重复，并将其转换为一个 `set`。
        * 在响应中 `set` 将被转换为 `list` 。
        * 产生的模式将指定那些 `set` 的值是唯一的 (使用 JSON 模式的 `uniqueItems`)。
* `bytes`:
    * 标准的 Python `bytes`。
    * 在请求和响应中被当作 `str` 处理。
    * 生成的模式将指定这个 `str` 是 `binary` "格式"。
* `Decimal`:
    * 标准的 Python `Decimal`。
    * 在请求和响应中被当做 `float` 一样处理。