```

...a rota seria:

```
/items/foo
```

!!! info "Informação"
    Uma "rota" também é comumente chamada de "endpoint".

Ao construir uma API, a "rota" é a principal forma de separar "preocupações" e "recursos".

#### Operação

"Operação" aqui se refere a um dos "métodos" HTTP.

Um dos:

* `POST`
* `GET`
* `PUT`
* `DELETE`

...e os mais exóticos:

    * Hear when I make announcements or release new tools.
    * You can also <a href="https://twitter.com/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">follow @fastapi on Twitter</a> (a separate account).
* <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/tiangolo/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Follow me on **LinkedIn**</a>.
    * Hear when I make announcements or release new tools (although I use Twitter more often 🤷‍♂).

    {!> ../../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001_py39.py[ln:1-9]!}

    # Code below omitted 👇
    ```

    <details>
    <summary>👀 Full file preview</summary>

    ```Python
    {!> ../../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001_py39.py!}
    ```

    </details>

=== "Python 3.8+"

    ```Python hl_lines="9"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001.py[ln:1-9]!}

    {!> ../../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001_py39.py[ln:1-9]!}

    # Code unterhalb weggelassen 👇
    ```

    <details>
    <summary>👀 Vollständige Dateivorschau</summary>

    ```Python
    {!> ../../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001_py39.py!}
    ```

    </details>

=== "Python 3.8+"

    ```Python hl_lines="9"

    page.set_viewport_size({"width": 960, "height": 820})
    page.screenshot(
        path="docs/en/docs/img/tutorial/separate-openapi-schemas/image04.png"
    )
    # ---------------------
    context.close()
    browser.close()


process = subprocess.Popen(
    ["uvicorn", "docs_src.separate_openapi_schemas.tutorial001:app"]
)
try:
    with sync_playwright() as playwright:
        run(playwright)
finally:

from typing import Optional

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Optional[str] = None


app = FastAPI(separate_input_output_schemas=False)


@app.post("/items/")
def create_item(item: Item):
    return item


@app.get("/items/")
def read_items() -> list[Item]:
    return [
        Item(
            name="Portal Gun",

# Tutorial - Guía de Usuario

Este tutorial te muestra cómo usar **FastAPI** con la mayoría de sus características paso a paso.

Cada sección se basa gradualmente en las anteriores, pero está estructurada en temas separados, así puedes ir directamente a cualquier tema en concreto para resolver tus necesidades específicas sobre la API.

Funciona también como una referencia futura, para que puedas volver y ver exactamente lo que necesitas.

## Ejecuta el código

### `scope`

The spec also says that the client can send another form field "`scope`".

The form field name is `scope` (in singular), but it is actually a long string with "scopes" separated by spaces.

Each "scope" is just a string (without spaces).

They are normally used to declare specific security permissions, for example:

* `users:read` or `users:write` are common examples.

    sub: Optional[SubItem] = None
    if PYDANTIC_V2:
        model_config = {"json_schema_serialization_defaults_required": True}


def get_app_client(separate_input_output_schemas: bool = True) -> TestClient:
    app = FastAPI(separate_input_output_schemas=separate_input_output_schemas)

    @app.post("/items/")
    def create_item(item: Item):
        return item

    @app.post("/items-list/")

We create an `HTTPException` that we can re-use (`raise`) later at several points.

In this exception, we include the scopes required (if any) as a string separated by spaces (using `scope_str`). We put that string containing the scopes in the `WWW-Authenticate` header (this is part of the spec).