`Query`나 아무런 기본값으로도 `q` 경로 매개변수를 선언하고 싶지 않지만 `Path`를 사용하여 경로 매개변수를 `item_id` 다른 순서로 선언하고 싶다면, 파이썬은 이를 위한 작고 특별한 문법이 있습니다.

`*`를 함수의 첫 번째 매개변수로 전달하세요.

파이썬은 `*`으로 아무런 행동도 하지 않지만, 따르는 매개변수들은 <abbr title="유래: K-ey W-ord Arg-uments"><code>kwargs</code></abbr>로도 알려진 키워드 인자(키-값 쌍)여야 함을 인지합니다. 기본값을 가지고 있지 않더라도 그렇습니다.

```Python hl_lines="7"
{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial003.py!}
```

## 숫자 검증: 크거나 같음

from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker

SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL = "sqlite:///./sql_app.db"
# SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL = "postgresql://user:password@postgresserver/db"

engine = create_engine(
    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL, connect_args={"check_same_thread": False}
)
SessionLocal = sessionmaker(autocommit=False, autoflush=False, bind=engine)

def test_fastapi_error(client: TestClient):
    with pytest.raises(FastAPIError) as exc_info:
        client.get("/items/portal-gun")
    assert "No response object was returned" in exc_info.value.args[0]


def test_internal_server_error():
    from docs_src.dependencies.tutorial008c import app

    client = TestClient(app, raise_server_exceptions=False)
    response = client.get("/items/portal-gun")

def test_fastapi_error(client: TestClient):
    with pytest.raises(FastAPIError) as exc_info:
        client.get("/items/portal-gun")
    assert "No response object was returned" in exc_info.value.args[0]


def test_internal_server_error():
    from docs_src.dependencies.tutorial008c_an import app

    client = TestClient(app, raise_server_exceptions=False)
    response = client.get("/items/portal-gun")

@needs_py39
def test_fastapi_error(client: TestClient):
    with pytest.raises(FastAPIError) as exc_info:
        client.get("/items/portal-gun")
    assert "No response object was returned" in exc_info.value.args[0]


@needs_py39
def test_internal_server_error():
    from docs_src.dependencies.tutorial008c_an_py39 import app

    client = TestClient(app, raise_server_exceptions=False)

    from docs_src.dependencies.tutorial008d_an_py39 import InternalError

    with pytest.raises(InternalError) as exc_info:
        client.get("/items/portal-gun")
    assert (
        exc_info.value.args[0] == "The portal gun is too dangerous to be owned by Rick"
    )


@needs_py39
def test_internal_server_error():
    from docs_src.dependencies.tutorial008d_an_py39 import app

    if get_origin(use_annotation) is Annotated:
        annotated_args = get_args(annotation)
        type_annotation = annotated_args[0]
        fastapi_annotations = [
            arg
            for arg in annotated_args[1:]
            if isinstance(arg, (FieldInfo, params.Depends))
        ]
        fastapi_specific_annotations = [
            arg
            for arg in fastapi_annotations

## 按需对参数排序的技巧

如果你想不使用 `Query` 声明没有默认值的查询参数 `q`，同时使用 `Path` 声明路径参数 `item_id`，并使它们的顺序与上面不同，Python 对此有一些特殊的语法。

传递 `*` 作为函数的第一个参数。

Python 不会对该 `*` 做任何事情，但是它将知道之后的所有参数都应作为关键字参数（键值对），也被称为 <abbr title="来自：K-ey W-ord Arg-uments"><code>kwargs</code></abbr>，来调用。即使它们没有默认值。

```Python hl_lines="7"
{!../../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial003.py!}
```

## 数值校验：大于等于

#### Note

The argument:

```Python
check_same_thread=False
```

is equivalent to the one in the SQLAlchemy tutorial:

```Python
connect_args={"check_same_thread": False}
```

...it is needed only for `SQLite`.

!!! info "Technical Details"

        for arg in get_args(annotation):
            if lenient_issubclass(arg, UploadFile):
                return True
    return False


def is_bytes_sequence_annotation(annotation: Any) -> bool:
    origin = get_origin(annotation)
    if origin is Union or origin is UnionType:
        at_least_one = False
        for arg in get_args(annotation):