```

### Declare a `list` with a type parameter

To declare types that have type parameters (internal types), like `list`, `dict`, `tuple`:

* If you are in a Python version lower than 3.9, import their equivalent version from the `typing` module
* Pass the internal type(s) as "type parameters" using square brackets: `[` and `]`

In Python 3.9 it would be:

```Python
my_list: list[str]
```

* **PGAdmin** PostgreSQL database admin tool'u, PHPMyAdmin ve MySQL ile kolayca değiştirilebilir.
* **Flower** ile Celery job'larını monitörleme.
* **Traefik** ile backend ve frontend arasında yük dengeleme, böylece her ikisini de aynı domain altında, path ile ayrılmış, ancak farklı kapsayıcılar tarafından sunulabilirsiniz.

    * 基于 **Nginx** 的 Docker 服务器（优化了 Vue-router 配置）
    * Docker 多阶段构建，无需保存或提交编译的代码
    * 在构建时运行前端测试（可禁用）
    * 尽量模块化，开箱即用，但仍可使用 Vue CLI 重新生成或创建所需项目，或复用所需内容
* 使用 **PGAdmin** 管理 PostgreSQL 数据库，可轻松替换为 PHPMyAdmin 或 MySQL
* 使用 **Flower** 监控 Celery 任务
* 使用 **Traefik** 处理前后端负载平衡，可把前后端放在同一个域下，按路径分隔，但在不同容器中提供服务
* Traefik 集成，包括自动生成 Let's Encrypt **HTTPS** 凭证
* GitLab **CI**（持续集成），包括前后端测试

## 全栈 FastAPI + Couchbase

    )
    assert encoded_instance["dt_field"] == instance.dt_field.isoformat()


def test_custom_enum_encoders():
    def custom_enum_encoder(v: Enum):
        return v.value.lower()

    class MyEnum(Enum):
        ENUM_VAL_1 = "ENUM_VAL_1"

    instance = MyEnum.ENUM_VAL_1

    encoded_instance = jsonable_encoder(
        instance, custom_encoder={MyEnum: custom_enum_encoder}

def get_lang_paths() -> List[Path]:
    return sorted(docs_path.iterdir())


def lang_callback(lang: Optional[str]) -> Union[str, None]:
    if lang is None:
        return None
    lang = lang.lower()
    return lang


def complete_existing_lang(incomplete: str):
    lang_path: Path
    for lang_path in get_lang_paths():
        if lang_path.is_dir() and lang_path.name.startswith(incomplete):

    username: str


class ModelC(ModelB):
    password: str


class ModelA(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Optional[str] = None
    model_b: ModelB

    @validator("name")
    def lower_username(cls, name: str, values):
        if not name.endswith("A"):
            raise ValueError("name must end in A")
        return name


async def get_model_c() -> ModelC:

                        }
                    )
            if route.openapi_extra:
                deep_dict_update(operation, route.openapi_extra)
            path[method.lower()] = operation
    return path, security_schemes, definitions


def get_fields_from_routes(
    routes: Sequence[BaseRoute],
) -> List[ModelField]:
    body_fields_from_routes: List[ModelField] = []

    Because of that, versions of FastAPI previous to 0.99.0 still used versions of OpenAPI lower than 3.1.0.

### Pydantic and FastAPI `examples`

When you add `examples` inside a Pydantic model, using `schema_extra` or `Field(examples=["something"])` that example is added to the **JSON Schema** for that Pydantic model.