* Abstract methods from Writer
   */

  @Override
  public void write(char[] cbuf, int off, int len) throws IOException {
    checkNotClosed();
    // It turns out that creating a new String is usually as fast, or faster
    // than wrapping cbuf in a light-weight CharSequence.
    target.append(new String(cbuf, off, len));
  }

  /*
   * Override a few functions for performance reasons to avoid creating unnecessary strings.
   */

 * Otherwise, at least reduce <i>explicit</i> dependencies on this type by using lambda expressions
 * or method references instead of classes, leaving your code easier to migrate in the future.
 *
 * <p>To use an existing function (say, named {@code function}) in a context where the <i>other
 * type</i> of function is expected, use the method reference {@code function::apply}. A future

 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 * @since 11.0
 */
@GwtCompatible(emulated = true)
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
public final class IntMath {
  // NOTE: Whenever both tests are cheap and functional, it's faster to use &, | instead of &&, ||

  @VisibleForTesting static final int MAX_SIGNED_POWER_OF_TWO = 1 << (Integer.SIZE - 2);

  /**
   * Returns the smallest power of two greater than or equal to {@code x}. This is equivalent to

  - type: checkboxes
    attributes:
      label: Checklist
      options:
        - label: >
            I agree to follow the
            [code of conduct](https://github.com/google/.github/blob/master/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md).
          required: true
        - label: >
            I have read and understood the [contribution
            guidelines](https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/HowToContribute#feature-requests).

    CharArrayDecorator(char[] @Nullable [] replacements) {
      this.replacements = replacements;
      this.replaceLength = replacements.length;
    }

    /*
     * Overriding escape method to be slightly faster for this decorator. We test the replacements
     * array directly, saving a method call.
     */
    @Override
    public String escape(String s) {
      int slen = s.length();

   * moved to index "distance", and the element at index {@code i} ends up at index {@code (distance
   * + i) mod array.length}. This is equivalent to {@code Collections.rotate(Bytes.asList(array),
   * distance)}, but is somewhat faster.
   *
   * <p>The provided "distance" may be negative, which will rotate left.
   *
   * @since 32.0.0
   */
  public static void rotate(byte[] array, int distance) {

import javax.annotation.CheckForNull;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;

/**
 * This class provides a skeletal implementation of the {@code Iterator} interface, to make this
 * interface easier to implement for certain types of data sources.
 *
 * <p>{@code Iterator} requires its implementations to support querying the end-of-data status

    return LexicographicalComparatorHolder.PureJavaComparator.INSTANCE;
  }

  /**
   * Provides a lexicographical comparator implementation; either a Java implementation or a faster
   * implementation based on {@link Unsafe}.
   *
   * <p>Uses reflection to gracefully fall back to the Java implementation if {@code Unsafe} isn't
   * available.
   */
  @VisibleForTesting

    b *= mul;
    return b;
  }

  /**
   * Computes intermediate hash of 32 bytes of byte array from the given offset. Results are
   * returned in the output array because when we last measured, this was 12% faster than allocating
   * new arrays every time.
   */
  private static void weakHashLength32WithSeeds(
      byte[] bytes, int offset, long seedA, long seedB, long[] output) {
    long part1 = load64(bytes, offset);

    b *= mul;
    return b;
  }

  /**
   * Computes intermediate hash of 32 bytes of byte array from the given offset. Results are
   * returned in the output array because when we last measured, this was 12% faster than allocating
   * new arrays every time.
   */
  private static void weakHashLength32WithSeeds(
      byte[] bytes, int offset, long seedA, long seedB, long[] output) {
    long part1 = load64(bytes, offset);