// Add boundary values manually to avoid over/under flow (this covers 2^N for 0 and 31).
    intValues.add(Integer.MAX_VALUE - 1, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
    // Add values up to 40. This covers cases like "square of a prime" and such.
    for (int i = 1; i <= 40; i++) {
      intValues.add(i);
    }
    // Now add values near 2^N for lots of values of N.
    for (int exponent : asList(2, 3, 4, 9, 15, 16, 17, 24, 25, 30)) {

   *
   * <p>For IPv4 addresses, this is identical to {@link InetAddress#getHostAddress()}, but for IPv6
   * addresses it compresses zeroes and surrounds the text with square brackets; for example {@code
   * "[2001:db8::1]"}.
   *
   * <p>Per section 3.2.2 of <a target="_parent"
   * href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.2.2">RFC 3986</a>, a URI containing an IPv6

  public void testSqrtExactMatchesFloorOrThrows() {
    for (int x : POSITIVE_INTEGER_CANDIDATES) {
      int floor = IntMath.sqrt(x, FLOOR);
      // We only expect an exception if x was not a perfect square.
      boolean isPerfectSquare = (floor * floor == x);
      try {
        assertEquals(floor, IntMath.sqrt(x, UNNECESSARY));
        assertTrue(isPerfectSquare);
      } catch (ArithmeticException e) {

          return accum;
        case 1:
          return accum * b;
        default:
          accum *= ((k & 1) == 0) ? 1 : b;
          b *= b;
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns the square root of {@code x}, rounded with the specified rounding mode.
   *
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code x < 0}
   * @throws ArithmeticException if {@code mode} is {@link RoundingMode#UNNECESSARY} and {@code

          return accum;
        case 1:
          return b * accum;
        default:
          accum *= ((k & 1) == 0) ? 1 : b;
          b *= b;
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns the square root of {@code x}, rounded with the specified rounding mode.
   *
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code x < 0}
   * @throws ArithmeticException if {@code mode} is {@link RoundingMode#UNNECESSARY} and {@code

  public void testSqrtExactMatchesFloorOrThrows() {
    for (long x : POSITIVE_LONG_CANDIDATES) {
      long sqrtFloor = LongMath.sqrt(x, FLOOR);
      // We only expect an exception if x was not a perfect square.
      boolean isPerfectSquare = (sqrtFloor * sqrtFloor == x);
      try {
        assertEquals(sqrtFloor, LongMath.sqrt(x, UNNECESSARY));
        assertTrue(isPerfectSquare);
      } catch (ArithmeticException e) {

        .isWithin(ALLOWED_ERROR * INTEGER_MANY_VALUES_SUM_OF_SQUARES_OF_DELTAS)
        .of(INTEGER_MANY_VALUES_SUM_OF_SQUARES_OF_DELTAS / INTEGER_MANY_VALUES_COUNT);
    assertThat(longManyValuesAccumulatorByAddAllIterator.populationVariance())
        .isWithin(ALLOWED_ERROR * LONG_MANY_VALUES_SUM_OF_SQUARES_OF_DELTAS)
        .of(LONG_MANY_VALUES_SUM_OF_SQUARES_OF_DELTAS / LONG_MANY_VALUES_COUNT);

        .isWithin(ALLOWED_ERROR * INTEGER_MANY_VALUES_SUM_OF_SQUARES_OF_DELTAS)
        .of(INTEGER_MANY_VALUES_SUM_OF_SQUARES_OF_DELTAS / INTEGER_MANY_VALUES_COUNT);
    assertThat(INTEGER_MANY_VALUES_STATS_ITERABLE.populationVariance())
        .isWithin(ALLOWED_ERROR * INTEGER_MANY_VALUES_SUM_OF_SQUARES_OF_DELTAS)
        .of(INTEGER_MANY_VALUES_SUM_OF_SQUARES_OF_DELTAS / INTEGER_MANY_VALUES_COUNT);

   *
   * <p>This fit minimizes the root-mean-square error in {@code y} as a function of {@code x}. This
   * error is defined as the square root of the mean of the squares of the differences between the
   * actual {@code y} values of the data and the values predicted by the fit for the {@code x}
   * values (i.e. it is the square root of the mean of the squares of the vertical distances between

  public void testSqrtExactMatchesFloorOrThrows() {
    for (int x : POSITIVE_INTEGER_CANDIDATES) {
      int floor = IntMath.sqrt(x, FLOOR);
      // We only expect an exception if x was not a perfect square.
      boolean isPerfectSquare = (floor * floor == x);
      try {
        assertEquals(floor, IntMath.sqrt(x, UNNECESSARY));
        assertTrue(isPerfectSquare);
      } catch (ArithmeticException e) {