const std::vector<TF_Operation*>& inputs,
              const std::vector<TF_Operation*>& outputs,
              const std::vector<string>& output_names,
              bool expect_failure = false) {
    DefineT(num_opers, opers, ToOutput(inputs), ToOutput(outputs), output_names,
            expect_failure);
  }

  // Caller must delete[] the returned value

  // Serialize to GraphDef.
  GraphDef graph_def;
  ASSERT_TRUE(GetGraphDef(graph, &graph_def));

  // Validate GraphDef is what we expect.
  bool found_placeholder = false;
  bool found_scalar_const = false;
  bool found_add = false;
  for (const auto& n : graph_def.node()) {
    if (IsPlaceholder(n)) {
      EXPECT_FALSE(found_placeholder);
      found_placeholder = true;

  ASSERT_EQ(TF_OK, TF_GetCode(status.get())) << TF_Message(status.get());
  TFE_DeleteExecutor(executor);
  TFE_DeleteContext(ctx);
}

void ExecuteAdd(bool async, bool forward_input, bool tfrt) {
#ifdef PLATFORM_WINDOWS
  // On windows, we flakily get a failure due to pointer instability.
  // Disable the 4 tests using this helper until we fix the issue.
  return;
#else

static bool GetURIScheme(const std::string& scheme) {
  tensorflow::SchemeVector()->push_back(scheme);
  return true;
}

// This function is used for cloud filesystem
// `S3` and `GCS` require the `root_dir_` to have bucket name
// `HDFS` requires the `root_dir` to have namenode
// `root_dir_ = scheme + "://" cloud_path_ + root_dir_`
static bool SetCloudPath(const std::string& cloud_path_) {