{"ID", "Thing", "ThingID", "likes", "", false},
			},
		},
		Relation{
			Name: "Dislikes", Type: schema.Many2Many, Schema: "Person", FieldSchema: "Thing",
			JoinTable: JoinTable{Name: "dislikes", Table: "dislikes"},
			References: []Reference{
				{"ID", "Person", "PersonID", "dislikes", "", true},
				{"ID", "Thing", "ThingID", "dislikes", "", false},
			},
		},
	)
}

		if chk := field.TagSettings["CHECK"]; chk != "" {
			names := strings.Split(chk, ",")
			if len(names) > 1 && regEnLetterAndMidline.MatchString(names[0]) {
				checks[names[0]] = CheckConstraint{Name: names[0], Constraint: strings.Join(names[1:], ","), Field: field}
			} else {
				if names[0] == "" {
					chk = strings.Join(names[1:], ",")
				}
				name := schema.namer.CheckerName(schema.Table, field.DBName)

	"context"
	"database/sql"
	"database/sql/driver"
	"encoding/gob"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"reflect"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"time"
)

var serializerMap = sync.Map{}

// RegisterSerializer register serializer
func RegisterSerializer(name string, serializer SerializerInterface) {
	serializerMap.Store(strings.ToLower(name), serializer)
}

// GetSerializer get serializer

	frames := runtime.CallersFrames(pcs[:len])
	for i := 0; i < len; i++ {
		// second return value is "more", not "ok"
		frame, _ := frames.Next()
		if (!strings.HasPrefix(frame.File, gormSourceDir) ||
			strings.HasSuffix(frame.File, "_test.go")) && !strings.HasSuffix(frame.File, ".gen.go") {
			return string(strconv.AppendInt(append([]byte(frame.File), ':'), int64(frame.Line), 10))
		}
	}

	return ""
}

			case reflect.String:
				vars[idx] = escaper + strings.ReplaceAll(fmt.Sprintf("%v", v), escaper, escaper+escaper) + escaper
			default:
				if v != nil && reflectValue.IsValid() && ((reflectValue.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && !reflectValue.IsNil()) || reflectValue.Kind() != reflect.Ptr) {
					vars[idx] = escaper + strings.ReplaceAll(fmt.Sprintf("%v", v), escaper, escaper+escaper) + escaper
				} else {

	tx = db.getInstance()
	if strings.Contains(name, " ") || strings.Contains(name, "`") || len(args) > 0 {
		tx.Statement.TableExpr = &clause.Expr{SQL: name, Vars: args}
		if results := tableRegexp.FindStringSubmatch(name); len(results) == 3 {
			if results[1] != "" {
				tx.Statement.Table = results[1]
			} else {
				tx.Statement.Table = results[2]
			}
		}
	} else if tables := strings.Split(name, "."); len(tables) == 2 {

		return nil
	}

	// found, smart migrate
	fullDataType := strings.TrimSpace(strings.ToLower(m.DB.Migrator().FullDataTypeOf(field).SQL))
	realDataType := strings.ToLower(columnType.DatabaseTypeName())

	var (
		alterColumn bool
		isSameType  = fullDataType == realDataType
	)

	if !field.PrimaryKey {
		// check type
		if !strings.HasPrefix(fullDataType, realDataType) {
			// check type aliases

										if onSQL := onStmt.SQL.String(); onSQL != "" {
											vars := onStmt.Vars
											for idx, v := range vars {
												bindvar := strings.Builder{}
												onStmt.Vars = vars[0 : idx+1]
												db.Dialector.BindVarTo(&bindvar, &onStmt, v)
												onSQL = strings.Replace(onSQL, bindvar.String(), "?", 1)
											}

											exprs = append(exprs, clause.Expr{SQL: onSQL, Vars: vars})
										}

package schema_test

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"reflect"
	"strings"
	"testing"

	"gorm.io/gorm/schema"
	"gorm.io/gorm/utils/tests"
)

func checkSchema(t *testing.T, s *schema.Schema, v schema.Schema, primaryFields []string) {
	t.Run("CheckSchema/"+s.Name, func(t *testing.T) {
		tests.AssertObjEqual(t, s, v, "Name", "Table")

		for idx, field := range primaryFields {
			var found bool
			for _, f := range s.PrimaryFields {

package tests_test

import (
	"fmt"
	"reflect"
	"runtime"
	"strings"
	"testing"

	"gorm.io/gorm"
)

func assertCallbacks(v interface{}, fnames []string) (result bool, msg string) {
	var (
		got   []string
		funcs = reflect.ValueOf(v).Elem().FieldByName("fns")
	)

	for i := 0; i < funcs.Len(); i++ {
		got = append(got, getFuncName(funcs.Index(i)))
	}