}

  public void testIsPowerOfTwo() {
    for (BigInteger x : ALL_BIGINTEGER_CANDIDATES) {
      // Checks for a single bit set.
      boolean expected = x.signum() > 0 & x.and(x.subtract(ONE)).equals(ZERO);
      assertEquals(expected, BigIntegerMath.isPowerOfTwo(x));
    }
  }

  public void testLog2ZeroAlwaysThrows() {
    for (RoundingMode mode : ALL_ROUNDING_MODES) {
      try {

  }

  public void testIsPowerOfTwo() {
    for (BigInteger x : ALL_BIGINTEGER_CANDIDATES) {
      // Checks for a single bit set.
      boolean expected = x.signum() > 0 & x.and(x.subtract(ONE)).equals(ZERO);
      assertEquals(expected, BigIntegerMath.isPowerOfTwo(x));
    }
  }

  public void testLog2ZeroAlwaysThrows() {
    for (RoundingMode mode : ALL_ROUNDING_MODES) {
      try {

      return value.subtract(BigInteger.ONE);
    }

    @Override
    BigInteger offset(BigInteger origin, long distance) {
      checkNonnegative(distance, "distance");
      return origin.add(BigInteger.valueOf(distance));
    }

    @Override
    public long distance(BigInteger start, BigInteger end) {
      return end.subtract(start).max(MIN_LONG).min(MAX_LONG).longValue();
    }

    }

    @Override
    BigDecimal toX(double d, RoundingMode mode) {
      return new BigDecimal(d);
    }

    @Override
    BigDecimal minus(BigDecimal a, BigDecimal b) {
      return a.subtract(b);
    }
  }

      return value.subtract(BigInteger.ONE);
    }

    @Override
    BigInteger offset(BigInteger origin, long distance) {
      checkNonnegative(distance, "distance");
      return origin.add(BigInteger.valueOf(distance));
    }

    @Override
    public long distance(BigInteger start, BigInteger end) {
      return end.subtract(start).max(MIN_LONG).min(MAX_LONG).longValue();
    }

  }

  @AndroidIncompatible // slow
  public void testLessThanBranchFree() {
    for (long x : ALL_LONG_CANDIDATES) {
      for (long y : ALL_LONG_CANDIDATES) {
        BigInteger difference = BigInteger.valueOf(x).subtract(BigInteger.valueOf(y));
        if (fitsInLong(difference)) {
          int expected = (x < y) ? 1 : 0;
          int actual = LongMath.lessThanBranchFree(x, y);
          assertEquals(expected, actual);
        }

    checkBigIntegerConversion(
        "::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff", BigInteger.ONE.shiftLeft(64).subtract(BigInteger.ONE));
    checkBigIntegerConversion(
        "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff",
        BigInteger.ONE.shiftLeft(128).subtract(BigInteger.ONE));
  }

  public void testFromIpv4BigIntegerInputTooLarge() {
    IllegalArgumentException expected =
        assertThrows(

        UnsignedInteger aUnsigned = UnsignedInteger.fromIntBits(a);
        UnsignedInteger bUnsigned = UnsignedInteger.fromIntBits(b);
        int expected =
            force32(aUnsigned.bigIntegerValue().subtract(bUnsigned.bigIntegerValue()).intValue());
        UnsignedInteger unsignedSub = aUnsigned.minus(bUnsigned);
        assertThat(unsignedSub.intValue()).isEqualTo(expected);
      }
    }
  }

      for (long b : TEST_LONGS) {
        UnsignedLong aUnsigned = UnsignedLong.fromLongBits(a);
        UnsignedLong bUnsigned = UnsignedLong.fromLongBits(b);
        long expected =
            aUnsigned.bigIntegerValue().subtract(bUnsigned.bigIntegerValue()).longValue();
        UnsignedLong unsignedSub = aUnsigned.minus(bUnsigned);
        assertThat(unsignedSub.longValue()).isEqualTo(expected);
      }
    }
  }

    checkBigIntegerConversion(
        "::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff", BigInteger.ONE.shiftLeft(64).subtract(BigInteger.ONE));
    checkBigIntegerConversion(
        "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff",
        BigInteger.ONE.shiftLeft(128).subtract(BigInteger.ONE));
  }

  public void testFromIpv4BigIntegerInputTooLarge() {
    IllegalArgumentException expected =
        assertThrows(