* thus a motivated caller may be able to expose the reference to another thread that would then
   * call cancel() and be unable to cancel the delegate.
   * There are a number of ways to solve this, none of which are very pretty, and it is currently
   * believed to be a purely theoretical problem (since the other actions should supply sufficient
   * write-barriers).
   */

    double x1 = 1.2;
    double y1 = 3.4;
    double slope = Double.MIN_VALUE;
    LinearTransformation transformation = LinearTransformation.mapping(x1, y1).withSlope(slope);
    assertThat(transformation.isVertical()).isFalse();
    assertThat(transformation.isHorizontal()).isFalse();
    assertThat(transformation.slope()).isWithin(ALLOWED_ERROR).of(slope);

    double x1 = 1.2;
    double y1 = 3.4;
    double slope = Double.MIN_VALUE;
    LinearTransformation transformation = LinearTransformation.mapping(x1, y1).withSlope(slope);
    assertThat(transformation.isVertical()).isFalse();
    assertThat(transformation.isHorizontal()).isFalse();
    assertThat(transformation.slope()).isWithin(ALLOWED_ERROR).of(slope);

    public Object[] toArray() {
      return snapshot().toArray();
    }

    @Override
    public <T> T[] toArray(T[] array) {
      return snapshot().toArray(array);
    }

    /*
     * We'd love to use 'new ArrayList(this)' or 'list.addAll(this)', but
     * either of these would recurse back to us again!
     */
    private List<E> snapshot() {
      List<E> list = Lists.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(size());

    assertFailsToDecode(base64(), "Wf2!", "Unrecognized character: !");
    // This sentence just isn't base64() encoded.
    assertFailsToDecode(base64(), "let's not talk of love or chains!");
    // A 4n+1 length string is never legal base64().
    assertFailsToDecode(base64(), "12345", "Invalid input length 5");
    // These have a combination of invalid length, unrecognized characters and wrong padding.

    assertThat(transformation.inverse().transform(y1 + yDelta))
        .isWithin(ALLOWED_ERROR)
        .of(x1 + xDelta);
    assertThat(transformation.slope()).isWithin(ALLOWED_ERROR).of(yDelta / xDelta);
    assertThat(transformation.inverse().slope()).isWithin(ALLOWED_ERROR).of(xDelta / yDelta);
    assertThat(transformation.inverse()).isSameInstanceAs(transformation.inverse());

   */
  static final class SmoothWarmingUp extends SmoothRateLimiter {
    private final long warmupPeriodMicros;
    /**
     * The slope of the line from the stable interval (when permits == 0), to the cold interval
     * (when permits == maxPermits)
     */
    private double slope;

    private double thresholdPermits;
    private double coldFactor;

    SmoothWarmingUp(

    assertFailsToDecode(base64(), "Wf2!", "Unrecognized character: !");
    // This sentence just isn't base64() encoded.
    assertFailsToDecode(base64(), "let's not talk of love or chains!");
    // A 4n+1 length string is never legal base64().
    assertFailsToDecode(base64(), "12345", "Invalid input length 5");
    // These have a combination of invalid length, unrecognized characters and wrong padding.

 * entire "chunk" (of implementation-dependent length) is ready to be hashed.
 *
 * @author Kevin Bourrillion
 * @author Dimitris Andreou
 */
// TODO(kevinb): this class still needs some design-and-document-for-inheritance love
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
abstract class AbstractStreamingHasher extends AbstractHasher {
  /** Buffer via which we pass data to the hash algorithm (the implementor) */
  private final ByteBuffer buffer;

    public Object[] toArray() {
      return snapshot().toArray();
    }

    @Override
    public <T> T[] toArray(T[] array) {
      return snapshot().toArray(array);
    }

    /*
     * We'd love to use 'new ArrayList(this)' or 'list.addAll(this)', but
     * either of these would recurse back to us again!
     */
    private List<E> snapshot() {
      List<E> list = Lists.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(size());