* the discussion in the {@link #addListener} documentation. All its warnings about heavyweight
   * listeners are also applicable to heavyweight functions passed to this method.
   *
   * <p>This method is similar to {@link java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture#exceptionally}. It
   * can also serve some of the use cases of {@link java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture#handle}

 * the JDK collection types and the Guava collection types (listed below).
 *
 * <h2>Collection types</h2>
 *
 * <dl>
 *   <dt>{@link Multimap}
 *   <dd>A new type, which is similar to {@link java.util.Map}, but may contain multiple entries
 *       with the same key. Some behaviors of {@link Multimap} are left unspecified and are provided
 *       only by the subtypes mentioned below.

   * with a differently behaving {@code loader}. For example, a call that requests a short timeout
   * for an RPC may wait for a similar call that requests a long timeout, or a call by an
   * unprivileged user may return a resource accessible only to a privileged user making a similar
   * call. To prevent this problem, create a key object that includes all values that affect the

@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
abstract class CollectionFuture<V extends @Nullable Object, C extends @Nullable Object>
    extends AggregateFuture<V, C> {
  /*
   * We access this field racily but safely. For discussion of a similar situation, see the comments
   * on the fields of TimeoutFuture. This field is slightly different from the fields discussed
   * there: cancel() never reads this field, only writes to it. That makes the race here completely

          sb.append(DELIMITER_STRING);
        }
        sb.append(comp);
      }
      dummy ^= sb.toString().length();
    }
    return dummy;
  }

  /**
   * Similar to the above, but keeps a boolean flag rather than checking for the string accumulated
   * so far being empty. As a result, it does not have the above-mentioned bug.
   */
  @Benchmark
  int booleanIfFirst(int reps) {

import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.annotation.CheckForNull;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;

/**
 * A collection that maps keys to values, similar to {@link Map}, but in which each key may be
 * associated with <i>multiple</i> values. You can visualize the contents of a multimap either as a
 * map from keys to <i>nonempty</i> collections of values:
 *
 * <ul>

      // (Or it's a weird case like a LinkedList in a Cache<ArrayList, ...>, but *shrug*.)
      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
      K castKey = (K) key;
      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // similar to the above
      V castValue = (V) value;

      alertListenerIfPresent(castKey, castValue, RemovalCause.EXPLICIT);
      remove(key);
      return true;
    }
    return false;
  }

 *
 * <p>The implementations of many methods in this class are based on material from Henry S. Warren,
 * Jr.'s <i>Hacker's Delight</i>, (Addison Wesley, 2002).
 *
 * <p>Similar functionality for {@code int} and for {@link BigInteger} can be found in {@link
 * IntMath} and {@link BigIntegerMath} respectively. For other common operations on {@code long}
 * values, see {@link com.google.common.primitives.Longs}.

   * multisetToRetain.count(e)}.
   *
   * <p>To be precise, {@code multisetToModify.count(e)} is set to {@code
   * Math.min(multisetToModify.count(e), multisetToRetain.count(e))}. This is similar to {@link
   * #intersection(Multiset, Multiset) intersection} {@code (multisetToModify, multisetToRetain)},
   * but mutates {@code multisetToModify} instead of returning a view.
   *

  //     Iterable<? extends T> iterable,
  //     Predicate<? super T> predicate,
  //     @JointlyNullable T defaultValue);
  //
  // ...where "@JointlyNullable" is similar to @PolyNull but slightly different:
  //
  // - @PolyNull means "@Nullable or @Nonnull"
  //   (That would be unsound for an input Iterable<@Nullable Foo>. So, if we wanted to use