data = b64decode(param).decode("ascii")
        except (ValueError, UnicodeDecodeError, binascii.Error):
            raise invalid_user_credentials_exc  # noqa: B904
        username, separator, password = data.partition(":")
        if not separator:
            raise invalid_user_credentials_exc
        return HTTPBasicCredentials(username=username, password=password)


class HTTPBearer(HTTPBase):
    """

    page.get_by_role("button", name="Execute").click()
    page.screenshot(
        path="docs/en/docs/img/tutorial/separate-openapi-schemas/image02.png"
    )

    # ---------------------
    context.close()
    browser.close()


process = subprocess.Popen(
    ["uvicorn", "docs_src.separate_openapi_schemas.tutorial001:app"]
)
try:
    with sync_playwright() as playwright:
        run(playwright)
finally:

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None


app = FastAPI(separate_input_output_schemas=False)


@app.post("/items/")
def create_item(item: Item):
    return item


@app.get("/items/")
def read_items() -> list[Item]:
    return [
        Item(
            name="Portal Gun",

import pytest
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from ...utils import needs_py310, needs_pydanticv2


@pytest.fixture(name="client")
def get_client() -> TestClient:
    from docs_src.separate_openapi_schemas.tutorial002_py310 import app

    client = TestClient(app)
    return client


@needs_py310
def test_create_item(client: TestClient) -> None:
    response = client.post("/items/", json={"name": "Foo"})

### Separate Program

To achieve this, you will normally have a **separate program** that would make sure your application is run on startup. And in many cases, it would also make sure other components or applications are also run, for example, a database.

* The variable `items_s` is a `set`, and each of its items is of type `bytes`.

#### Dict

To define a `dict`, you pass 2 type parameters, separated by commas.

The first type parameter is for the keys of the `dict`.

The second type parameter is for the values of the `dict`:

=== "Python 3.9+"

    ```Python hl_lines="1"

    {!> ../../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001_py39.py[ln:1-9]!}

    # Code below omitted 👇
    ```

    <details>
    <summary>👀 Full file preview</summary>

    ```Python
    {!> ../../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001_py39.py!}
    ```

    </details>

=== "Python 3.8+"

    ```Python hl_lines="9"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001.py[ln:1-9]!}

    {!> ../../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001_py39.py[ln:1-9]!}

    # Code unterhalb weggelassen 👇
    ```

    <details>
    <summary>👀 Vollständige Dateivorschau</summary>

    ```Python
    {!> ../../../docs_src/separate_openapi_schemas/tutorial001_py39.py!}
    ```

    </details>

=== "Python 3.8+"

    ```Python hl_lines="9"

All this renewal process, while still serving the app, is one of the main reasons why you would want to have a **separate system to handle HTTPS** with a TLS Termination Proxy instead of just using the TLS certificates with the application server directly (e.g. Uvicorn).

## Recap

```

## `APIRouter`

Let's say the file dedicated to handling just users is the submodule at `/app/routers/users.py`.

You want to have the *path operations* related to your users separated from the rest of the code, to keep it organized.

But it's still part of the same **FastAPI** application/web API (it's part of the same "Python Package").

You can create the *path operations* for that module using `APIRouter`.