If it doesn't see an `Authorization` header, or the value doesn't have a `Bearer ` token, it will respond with a 401 status code error (`UNAUTHORIZED`) directly.

You don't even have to check if the token exists to return an error. You can be sure that if your function is executed, it will have a `str` in that token.

In this case the middleware will intercept the incoming request and respond with appropriate CORS headers, and either a `200` or `400` response for informational purposes.

### Simple requests

Any request with an `Origin` header. In this case the middleware will pass the request through as normal, but will include appropriate CORS headers on the response.

## More info

<img src="/img/tutorial/websockets/image01.png">

You can type messages in the input box, and send them:

<img src="/img/tutorial/websockets/image02.png">

And your **FastAPI** application with WebSockets will respond back:

<img src="/img/tutorial/websockets/image03.png">

You can send (and receive) many messages:

<img src="/img/tutorial/websockets/image04.png">

And all of them will use the same WebSocket connection.

### `response_model` Priority

If you declare both a return type and a `response_model`, the `response_model` will take priority and be used by FastAPI.

## 📨 `Response` 🔗

👆 💪 ✍ 🍪 🕐❔ 🛬 `Response` 🔗 👆 📟.

👈, 👆 💪 ✍ 📨 🔬 [📨 📨 🔗](response-directly.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

⤴️ ⚒ 🍪 ⚫️, & ⤴️ 📨 ⚫️:

```Python hl_lines="10-12"
{!../../../docs_src/response_cookies/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! tip
    ✔️ 🤯 👈 🚥 👆 📨 📨 🔗 ↩️ ⚙️ `Response` 🔢, FastAPI 🔜 📨 ⚫️ 🔗.

### `response_model_include` 和 `response_model_exclude`

你还可以使用*路径操作装饰器*的 `response_model_include` 和 `response_model_exclude` 参数。

它们接收一个由属性名称 `str` 组成的 `set` 来包含（忽略其他的）或者排除（包含其他的）这些属性。

如果你只有一个 Pydantic 模型，并且想要从输出中移除一些数据，则可以使用这种快捷方法。

!!! tip
    但是依然建议你使用上面提到的主意，使用多个类而不是这些参数。

Esto puede ser útil, por ejemplo, para devolver cookies o headers personalizados.

## Devolver una `Response`

De hecho, puedes devolver cualquier `Response` o cualquier subclase de la misma.

!!! tip "Consejo"
    `JSONResponse` en sí misma es una subclase de `Response`.

Y cuando devuelves una `Response`, **FastAPI** la pasará directamente.

直接返回响应可能会有用处，比如返回自定义的响应头和 cookies。

## 返回 `Response`

事实上，你可以返回任意 `Response` 或者任意 `Response` 的子类。

!!! tip "小贴士"
    `JSONResponse` 本身是一个 `Response` 的子类。

当你返回一个 `Response` 时，**FastAPI** 会直接传递它。

**FastAPI** 不会用 Pydantic 模型做任何数据转换，不会将响应内容转换成任何类型，等等。

这种特性给你极大的可扩展性。你可以返回任何数据类型，重写任何数据声明或者校验，等等。

## 在 `Response` 中使用 `jsonable_encoder`

由于 **FastAPI** 并未对你返回的 `Response` 做任何改变，你必须确保你已经准备好响应内容。

```Python hl_lines="9 11 16"
{!../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003.py!}
```

ここでは、*path operation関数*がパスワードを含む同じ入力ユーザーを返しているにもかかわらず:

```Python hl_lines="24"
{!../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003.py!}
```

...`response_model`を`UserOut`と宣言したことで、パスワードが含まれていません:

```Python hl_lines="22"
{!../../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial003.py!}
```

def test_valid_none_data():
    response = client.get("/items/validnone")
    data = response.json()
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert data == {"name": "invalid", "price": 3.2, "owner_ids": None}


def test_valid_none_none():
    response = client.get("/items/validnone", params={"send_none": "true"})
    data = response.json()
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert data is None