for (int i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
      limiter.acquire(); // #7, showing off the warmup starting from totally cold
    }

    // make sure the areas (times) remain the same, while permits are different
    assertEvents(
        "R0.00, R1.38, R1.13, R0.88, R0.63, R0.50, R0.50, R0.50", // #1
        "U4.50", // #2
        "R0.00, R1.38, R1.13", // #3, after that the rate changes

   * lowercase letters. Padding and separator characters remain in their original case.
   *
   * @throws IllegalStateException if the alphabet used by this encoding contains mixed upper- and
   *     lower-case characters
   */
  public abstract BaseEncoding lowerCase();

  /**
   * Returns an encoding that behaves equivalently to this encoding, but decodes letters without
   * regard to case.
   *

   * failed CAS on base update), the table is initialized to size 2.
   * The table size is doubled upon further contention until
   * reaching the nearest power of two greater than or equal to the
   * number of CPUS. Table slots remain empty (null) until they are
   * needed.
   *
   * A single spinlock ("busy") is used for initializing and
   * resizing the table, as well as populating slots with new Cells.

    for (int i = 0; i < ITERS; i++) {
      countRemaps(r.nextLong(), map);
    }
    for (int shard = 2; shard <= MAX_SHARDS; shard++) {
      // Rough: don't exceed 1.2x the expected number of remaps by more than 20
      assertTrue(map.get(shard) <= 1.2 * ITERS / shard + 20);
    }
  }

  private void countRemaps(long h, AtomicLongMap<Integer> map) {
    int last = 0;

   * delegate is non-empty. The {@code refreshIfEmpty}, {@code removeIfEmpty}, and {@code addToMap}
   * methods ensure that the {@code WrappedCollection} and map remain consistent.
   *
   * <p>A subcollection, such as a sublist, contains some of the values for a given key. Its
   * ancestor field points to the full wrapped collection with all values for the key. The

  }

  /**
   * Serialized type for all ImmutableMap instances. It captures the logical contents and they are
   * reconstructed using public factory methods. This ensures that the implementation types remain
   * as implementation details.
   */
  @J2ktIncompatible // serialization
  static class SerializedForm<K, V> implements Serializable {

    public int available() throws IOException {
      return (int) Math.min(in.available(), left);
    }

    // it's okay to mark even if mark isn't supported, as reset won't work
    @Override
    public synchronized void mark(int readLimit) {
      in.mark(readLimit);
      mark = left;
    }

    @Override
    public int read() throws IOException {
      if (left == 0) {
        return -1;
      }

    assertEquals(big[1], small[3]);
  }

  public void testLimit_mark() throws Exception {
    byte[] big = newPreFilledByteArray(5);
    InputStream bin = new ByteArrayInputStream(big);
    InputStream lin = ByteStreams.limit(bin, 2);

    int read = lin.read();
    assertEquals(big[0], read);
    lin.mark(2);

    read = lin.read();
    assertEquals(big[1], read);
    read = lin.read();

    for (int i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
      limiter.acquire(); // #7, showing off the warmup starting from totally cold
    }

    // make sure the areas (times) remain the same, while permits are different
    assertEvents(
        "R0.00, R1.38, R1.13, R0.88, R0.63, R0.50, R0.50, R0.50", // #1
        "U4.50", // #2
        "R0.00, R1.38, R1.13", // #3, after that the rate changes

   * failed CAS on base update), the table is initialized to size 2.
   * The table size is doubled upon further contention until
   * reaching the nearest power of two greater than or equal to the
   * number of CPUS. Table slots remain empty (null) until they are
   * needed.
   *
   * A single spinlock ("busy") is used for initializing and
   * resizing the table, as well as populating slots with new Cells.