db.add(db_user)
    db.commit()
    db.refresh(db_user)
    return db_user


def get_items(db: Session, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100):
    return db.query(models.Item).offset(skip).limit(limit).all()


def create_user_item(db: Session, item: schemas.ItemCreate, user_id: int):
    db_item = models.Item(**item.dict(), owner_id=user_id)
    db.add(db_item)
    db.commit()
    db.refresh(db_item)

    db.add(db_user)
    db.commit()
    db.refresh(db_user)
    return db_user


def get_items(db: Session, skip: int = 0, limit: int = 100):
    return db.query(models.Item).offset(skip).limit(limit).all()


def create_user_item(db: Session, item: schemas.ItemCreate, user_id: int):
    db_item = models.Item(**item.dict(), owner_id=user_id)
    db.add(db_item)
    db.commit()
    db.refresh(db_item)

                """
            ),
        ],
        refreshUrl: Annotated[
            Optional[str],
            Doc(
                """
                The URL to refresh the token and obtain a new one.
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        scheme_name: Annotated[
            Optional[str],
            Doc(
                """

### 创建数据

现在创建实用程序函数来创建数据。

它的步骤是：

* 使用您的数据创建一个 SQLAlchemy 模型*实例。*
* 使用`add`来将该实例对象添加到您的数据库。
* 使用`commit`来对数据库的事务提交（以便保存它们）。
* 使用`refresh`来刷新您的数据库实例（以便它包含来自数据库的任何新数据，例如生成的 ID）。

```Python hl_lines="18-24  31-36"
{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/crud.py!}
```

!!! tip
    SQLAlchemy 模型`User`包含一个`hashed_password`，它应该是一个包含散列的安全密码。

You can read more about this in the [Advanced User Guide](../advanced/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

## Details

The first `"/static"` refers to the sub-path this "sub-application" will be "mounted" on. So, any path that starts with `"/static"` will be handled by it.

The `directory="static"` refers to the name of the directory that contains your static files.

The `name="static"` gives it a name that can be used internally by **FastAPI**.

    ```Python hl_lines="1"
    async def needy_dependency(fresh_value: Annotated[str, Depends(get_value, use_cache=False)]):
        return {"fresh_value": fresh_value}
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+ nicht annotiert"

    !!! tip "Tipp"
        Bevorzugen Sie die `Annotated`-Version, falls möglich.

    ```Python hl_lines="1"
    async def needy_dependency(fresh_value: str = Depends(get_value, use_cache=False)):

<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>:     Waiting for application startup.
<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>:     Application startup complete.
```

</div>

!!! note
    The command `uvicorn main:app` refers to:

    * `main`: the file `main.py` (the Python "module").
    * `app`: the object created inside of `main.py` with the line `app = FastAPI()`.

8. Notice that this *path operation function* uses regular `def` instead of `async def`.

    As always, in FastAPI you can combine `def` and `async def` as needed.

    If you need a refresher about when to use which, check out the section _"In a hurry?"_ in the docs about [`async` and `await`](../async.md#in-a-hurry){.internal-link target=_blank}.

**FastAPI** 💪 🛠️ ⏮️ 🙆 <abbr title="Distributed database (Big Data), also 'Not Only SQL'">☁</abbr>.

📥 👥 🔜 👀 🖼 ⚙️ **<a href="https://www.couchbase.com/" class="external-link" target="_blank">🗄</a>**, <abbr title="Document here refers to a JSON object (a dict), with keys and values, and those values can also be other JSON objects, arrays (lists), numbers, strings, booleans, etc.">📄</abbr> 🧢 ☁ 💽.

👆 💪 🛠️ ⚫️ 🙆 🎏 ☁ 💽 💖:

* **✳**
* **👸**
* **✳**

And if you update that local FastAPI source code when you run that Python file again, it will use the fresh version of FastAPI you just edited.

That way, you don't have to "install" your local version to be able to test every change.

!!! note "Technical Details"