import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.lang.ref.Reference;
import java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue;
import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.util.AbstractCollection;
import java.util.AbstractMap;
import java.util.AbstractQueue;
import java.util.AbstractSet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.lang.ref.Reference;
import java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue;
import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.util.AbstractCollection;
import java.util.AbstractMap;
import java.util.AbstractQueue;
import java.util.AbstractSet;

import com.google.common.util.concurrent.SettableFuture;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.UncheckedExecutionException;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.lang.ref.Reference;
import java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Random;

import com.google.common.util.concurrent.SettableFuture;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.UncheckedExecutionException;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.lang.ref.Reference;
import java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Random;

final int START_DOCUMENT = 0; public static final int END_DOCUMENT = 1; public static final int START_TAG = 2; public static final int END_TAG = 3; public static final int TEXT = 4; public static final int CDSECT = 5; public static final int ENTITY_REF = 6; public static final int IGNORABLE_WHITESPACE = 7; public static final int PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION = 8; public static final int COMMENT = 9; public static final int DOCDECL = 10; public static final String[] TYPES; public static final String FEA...

import com.google.common.testing.TestLogHandler;
import com.google.errorprone.annotations.CanIgnoreReturnValue;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.CancellationException;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

import com.google.common.testing.TestLogHandler;
import com.google.errorprone.annotations.CanIgnoreReturnValue;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.CancellationException;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

<!--{
	"Title": "The Go Programming Language Specification",
	"Subtitle": "Version of Oct 15, 2021",
	"Path": "/ref/spec"
}-->

<h2 id="Introduction">Introduction</h2>

<p>
This is the reference manual for the Go programming language as it was for
language version 1.17, in October 2021, before the introduction of generics.
It is provided for historical interest.
The current reference manual can be found <a href="/doc/go_spec.html">here</a>.