pass  # pragma: no cover
    assert e.value.code == status.WS_1000_NORMAL_CLOSURE


def websocket_middleware(middleware_func):
    """
    Helper to create a Starlette pure websocket middleware
    """

    def middleware_constructor(app):
        @functools.wraps(app)
        async def wrapped_app(scope, receive, send):
            if scope["type"] != "websocket":

* Create a table `notes` using the `metadata` object.

```Python hl_lines="4  14  16-22"
{!../../../docs_src/async_sql_databases/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! tip
    Notice that all this code is pure SQLAlchemy Core.

    `databases` is not doing anything here yet.

## Import and set up `databases`

* Import `databases`.
* Create a `DATABASE_URL`.
* Create a `database` object.

And that's what **HTTPS** is, it's just plain **HTTP** inside a **secure TLS connection** instead of a pure (unencrypted) TCP connection.

!!! tip
    Notice that the encryption of the communication happens at the **TCP level**, not at the HTTP level.

### HTTPS Request

* etc.

...all this while keeping the **same Python API**. In most of the cases, for simple models, you can simply upgrade the Pydantic version and get all the benefits. 🚀

In some cases, for pure data validation and processing, you can get performance improvements of **20x** or more. This means 2,000% or more. 🤯

    {!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial007.py!}
    ```

!!! info
    Notice how `Offer` has a list of `Item`s, which in turn have an optional list of `Image`s

## Bodies of pure lists

If the top level value of the JSON body you expect is a JSON `array` (a Python `list`), you can declare the type in the parameter of the function, the same as in Pydantic models:

```Python
images: List[Image]

    encoded_instance = jsonable_encoder(
        instance, custom_encoder={MyEnum: custom_enum_encoder}
    )
    assert encoded_instance == custom_enum_encoder(instance)


def test_encode_model_with_pure_path():
    class ModelWithPath(BaseModel):
        path: PurePath

        if PYDANTIC_V2:
            model_config = {"arbitrary_types_allowed": True}
        else:

            class Config: