from ._compat import PYDANTIC_V2, PYDANTIC_VERSION, Undefined

_Unset: Any = Undefined


class ParamTypes(Enum):
    query = "query"
    header = "header"
    path = "path"
    cookie = "cookie"


class Param(FieldInfo):
    in_: ParamTypes

    def __init__(
        self,
        default: Any = Undefined,
        *,
        default_factory: Union[Callable[[], Any], None] = _Unset,

=== "Python 3.10+"

    ```Python hl_lines="7"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002_py310.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+"

    ```Python hl_lines="9"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002.py!}
    ```

Bu durumda, `q` fonksiyon parametresi isteğe bağlı olacak ve varsayılan değer olarak `None` alacaktır.

!!! check "Ek bilgi"

    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial006.py!}
    ```

=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛"

    ```Python hl_lines="8"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial006_py310.py!}
    ```

👉 💼, 📤 3️⃣ 🔢 🔢:

* `needy`, ✔ `str`.
* `skip`, `int` ⏮️ 🔢 💲 `0`.
* `limit`, 📦 `int`.

!!! tip

Da mesma forma, você pode declarar parâmetros de consulta opcionais, definindo o valor padrão para `None`:

=== "Python 3.10+"

    ```Python hl_lines="7"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002_py310.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+"

    ```Python hl_lines="9"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002.py!}
    ```

Nesse caso, o parâmetro da função `q` será opcional, e `None` será o padrão.

=== "Python 3.10+"

    ```Python hl_lines="7"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002_py310.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+"

    ```Python hl_lines="9"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002.py!}
    ```

В этом случае, параметр  `q` будет не обязательным и будет иметь значение `None` по умолчанию.

!!! check "Важно"

=== "Python 3.10+"

    ```Python hl_lines="3"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_an_py310.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.9+"

    ```Python hl_lines="3"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+"

    ```Python hl_lines="3"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/cookie_params/tutorial001_an.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"

    !!! tip

```Python hl_lines="10"
{!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial006.py!}
```

En este caso hay 3 parámetros de query:

* `needy`, un `str` requerido.
* `skip`, un `int` con un valor por defecto de `0`.
* `limit`, un `int` opcional.

!!! tip "Consejo"

```Python hl_lines="16"
{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py!}
```

### Documentation

Les valeurs disponibles pour le *paramètre de chemin* sont bien prédéfinies, la documentation les affiche correctement :

<img src="/img/tutorial/path-params/image03.png">

### Manipuler les *énumérations* Python

## 可选参数

同理，把默认值设为 `None` 即可声明**可选的**查询参数：

=== "Python 3.10+"

    ```Python hl_lines="7"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002_py310.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+"

    ```Python hl_lines="9"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002.py!}
    ```


本例中，查询参数 `q` 是可选的，默认值为 `None`。

!!! check "检查"

    注意，**FastAPI** 可以识别出 `item_id` 是路径参数，`q` 不是路径参数，而是查询参数。

```Python hl_lines="8  10"
{!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial004.py!}
```

## 필수 쿼리 매개변수

경로가 아닌 매개변수에 대한 기본값을 선언할 때(지금은 쿼리 매개변수만 보았습니다), 해당 매개변수는 필수적(Required)이지 않았습니다.

특정값을 추가하지 않고 선택적으로 만들기 위해선 기본값을 `None`으로 설정하면 됩니다.

그러나 쿼리 매개변수를 필수로 만들려면 단순히 기본값을 선언하지 않으면 됩니다:

```Python hl_lines="6-7"
{!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial005.py!}
```