private final File file;
    private final ImmutableSet<FileWriteMode> modes;

    private FileByteSink(File file, FileWriteMode... modes) {
      this.file = checkNotNull(file);
      this.modes = ImmutableSet.copyOf(modes);
    }

    @Override
    public FileOutputStream openStream() throws IOException {
      return new FileOutputStream(file, modes.contains(APPEND));
    }

    @Override

import static com.google.common.collect.Iterables.size;
import static com.google.common.math.MathTesting.ALL_DOUBLE_CANDIDATES;
import static com.google.common.math.MathTesting.ALL_ROUNDING_MODES;
import static com.google.common.math.MathTesting.ALL_SAFE_ROUNDING_MODES;
import static com.google.common.math.MathTesting.DOUBLE_CANDIDATES_EXCEPT_NAN;
import static com.google.common.math.MathTesting.FINITE_DOUBLE_CANDIDATES;

 */

package com.google.common.math;

import static com.google.common.math.MathTesting.ALL_LONG_CANDIDATES;
import static com.google.common.math.MathTesting.ALL_ROUNDING_MODES;
import static com.google.common.math.MathTesting.ALL_SAFE_ROUNDING_MODES;
import static com.google.common.math.MathTesting.EXPONENTS;
import static com.google.common.math.MathTesting.NEGATIVE_INTEGER_CANDIDATES;

  /** Creates a new {@code CharBuffer} for buffering reads or writes. */
  static CharBuffer createBuffer() {
    return CharBuffer.allocate(DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE);
  }

  private CharStreams() {}

  /**
   * Copies all characters between the {@link Readable} and {@link Appendable} objects. Does not
   * close or flush either object.
   *
   * @param from the object to read from
   * @param to the object to write to

   * (used as the reference iterator) against a {@code PeekingIterator} that *wraps* such an
   * iterator (used as the target iterator).
   *
   * <p>This IteratorTester makes copies of the master so that it can later verify that {@link
   * PeekingIterator#remove()} removes the same elements as the reference's iterator {@code
   * #remove()}.
   */

  static void checkCast(Class<?> clazz, Object obj) {}

  static <T> T[] clone(T[] array) {
    return (T[]) Arrays.copyOfRange(array, 0, array.length);
  }

  // TODO: Consolidate different copies in one single place.
  static String format(String template, Object... args) {
    // start substituting the arguments into the '%s' placeholders
    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(template.length() + 16 * args.length);

        }
      }
      return left.length - right.length;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
      return "Chars.lexicographicalComparator()";
    }
  }

  /**
   * Copies a collection of {@code Character} instances into a new array of primitive {@code char}
   * values.
   *
   * <p>Elements are copied from the argument collection as if by {@code collection.toArray()}.

 *
 * <p>The {@code standard} methods are not guaranteed to be thread-safe, even when all of the
 * methods that they depend on are thread-safe.
 *
 * @author Emily Soldal
 * @since 14.0
 * @deprecated This class has moved to {@code com.google.common.util.concurrent}. Please use {@link
 *     com.google.common.util.concurrent.ForwardingBlockingDeque} instead.
 */
@Deprecated
@J2ktIncompatible
@GwtIncompatible
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault

          <!-- TODO(cpovirk): Move this to the parent after making the package-list files available there. -->
          <!-- We add the link ourselves, both so that we can choose Java 9 over the version that -source suggests and so that we can solve the JSR305 problem described below. -->
          <detectJavaApiLink>false</detectJavaApiLink>
          <offlineLinks>

   * returned by this method.
   */
  // TODO(user): consider ByteString here, when that is available
  public abstract byte[] asBytes();

  /**
   * Copies bytes from this hash code into {@code dest}.
   *
   * @param dest the byte array into which the hash code will be written
   * @param offset the start offset in the data
   * @param maxLength the maximum number of bytes to write